Effect of Cold War Rivalry on Technological Advancements in the United States and the Soviet Union

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of cold war rivalry on technological advancements in the United States and the Soviet Union.

Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.

Findings: The study indicated that Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union significantly influenced technological advancements in both nations, fostering an era of intense competition that spurred innovation across various sectors. In the United States, the desire to maintain technological superiority led to substantial investments in research and development, particularly in aerospace, computing, and nuclear technology. This competition culminated in landmark achievements such as the Apollo Moon landing in 1969, which not only showcased American ingenuity but also served as a powerful propaganda tool during the Cold War. Conversely, the Soviet Union, motivated by the need to demonstrate its technological prowess, made substantial strides in space exploration and military technology, exemplified by the launch of Sputnik in 1957—the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth. However, the emphasis on military applications often diverted resources away from consumer goods and overall economic growth in the Soviet Union, ultimately contributing to its economic struggles in the later years of the Cold War. Overall, the technological race during this period not only advanced military capabilities but also laid the groundwork for innovations that would benefit civilian sectors in both nations in subsequent decades.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Realism, constructivism and technological determinism may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the effect of cold war rivalry on technological advancements in the United States and the Soviet Union. In practice, governments and stakeholders should prioritize fostering public-private partnerships in research and development to leverage both defense and civilian technological advancements. Policymakers should focus on promoting international collaboration in technological innovation to foster transparency and trust among nations.