Impact of Heavy Metal Contamination on Soil Microbial Activity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47672/ajns.2387Keywords:
Heavy Metal, Contamination, Soil, Microbial ActivitiesAbstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of heavy metal contamination on soil microbial activity.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: The study showed that heavy metal contamination reduces microbial biomass and diversity, leading to a decline in soil health and fertility. Microbial processes such as decomposition, nutrient cycling, and soil organic matter formation are adversely affected, resulting in reduced soil productivity and plant growth. Enzyme activities, essential for nutrient transformations, are also inhibited by heavy metals, further impairing soil functionality. Additionally, the presence of heavy metals can lead to the development of metal-resistant microbial communities, which might reduce the overall metabolic activity of the soil microbiome. This contamination poses long-term risks to agricultural productivity and ecosystem sustainability, emphasizing the need for effective soil management and remediation strategies to mitigate heavy metal pollution.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Toxicological theory, microbial ecology theory and biogeochemical cycle theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the impact of heavy metal contamination on soil microbial activity. Implementing practical bioremediation techniques that utilize indigenous microbial strains and plants capable of sequestering or degrading heavy metals is crucial for mitigating the effects of contamination on soil microbial activity. Advocating for the establishment of stricter regulations and guidelines regarding heavy metal emissions from industrial and agricultural sources is essential for protecting soil health and public well-being.
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