Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Escherichia coli Isolates from Vended Milk in University of Abuja Community, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47672/ajfsn.1165Keywords:
Escherichia coli isolates, “nono” milk, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, University of Abuja.Abstract
Purpose: This study was conducted to establish occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from cow milk (Nono) sold within University of Abuja campuses.
Methodology: Fifty (50) samples of “nono” milk were randomly collected from vendors in mini and main campus of University of Abuja from August to October 2021. All samples were analyzed using pour and surface plating methods. Presumptive E. coli isolates on Eosin methylene blue agar were characterized using preliminary and standard biochemical identification methods such as microbial plate count, Gram staining, oxidase, indole, methyl red, voges-proskauer, citrate and catalase tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted on positive isolates using the disc diffusion method.
Findings: Out of the 50 samples of nono milk cultured, thirty (30) yielded growth for Escherichia coli which appeared as greenish metallic sheen on EMB agar plate and Gram-negative short rods on microscopic examination, representing an overall prevalence of 60%. The overall viable count of all samples was extremely high, with 8.7x10^7cfu/ml recorded as the highest colony forming unit per milliliter (CFU/ml) and 1.5×10^7cfu/ml recorded the lowest colony forming unit per milliliter (CFU/ml). All isolates were indole positive, methyl red positive, oxidase negative, citrate negative, catalase positive and voges-proskauer negative. E. coli isolates in this study were susceptible to sparfloxacin (66.7%), gentamicin (66.7%), ciprofloxacin (60%), streptomycin (60%), and tarivid (53.3%) and resistant to Septrin (73.3%), Augumentin (60%), Pefloxacin (66.7%), chloramphenicol (60%) and amoxicillin (53.3%). In conclusion, this study showed that the degree of contamination of E. coli in vended milk in the study area is higher than the maximum permissible bacteria count recommended by Codex Alimentarius standard for fermented milk products which is indicative of potential hazard to consumers.
Recommendation: Public enlightenment on hygienic handling of milk during milking and especially vending by milk vendors is hereby recommended. Use of cool thermos for milk hawking is also advocated.
Downloads
References
ANON, (2011). Gwagwalada In: Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette.
Bauer, A.W., Perry, D.M., Kirby, J.C. and Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotity sensitivity testing by a standardized single disk method. America Journal of Clinical Pathology, 36:493-496.
Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. (2018). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. 13th ed CLSI standard M02 Clinical and Laboratory standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
Cowan, S.T., Steel, K.J. (2002). Manual for the identification of medical bacteria.2ndEdition, Cambridge University Press Pp. 51-20.
Echioda Ogbole, M., Adah, M. I., Elsa, A. and Abdu, P. A. (2017). Serological prevalence and associated risk factors of Salmonella Gallinarum in commercial chickens in Benue State, Nigeria. Bulletin of Animal Health and production in Africa, 65: 855-863.
Jayarao, B.M. and Henning, D.R. (2006). Prevalence of food borne pathogens in bulk tank milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 84(10):2157-62.
Maikai, B.V and Madaki, P.D. (2018). Enumeration of coliforms in fermented milk product (nono) sold in Samaru, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Science,16(4): 50-57.
Malaifia, S., Chukwudi, E. and Rabiu M.B (2016). Occurrence and pathogenicity of E. coli serotypes from processed water in Gwagwalada FCT, Nigeria. International Journal of Medical and Tropical Research,2 (4): 134- 141.
Mailafia, S., Maduibuiki, S.A., Raji, M.A., Suleiman, M.M., Olabode, H.O.k., Echioda Ogbole,M. and Okoh, G.R. (2017). Phenotypic identification of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 isolates from Cattle at Suleja Abattoir Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiological Research Vol.11 (21), 845-850.
Moses, A.E., Udo, S.M., Bassey, B.E. and Egwu, G.O., (2010). Detection of Escherichia coli O157 and non O157 serogroups in cattle faces, dairy products and water samples in North east Nigeria. Journal of Medical Laboratory Science, 19(1): 10-20.
Olatunji, E. A., Ahmed, I. and Ijah, U. J. (2009). Evaluation of microbial qualities of skimmed milk (nono) in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Proceeding of the 14th annual conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria LAUTECH Ogbomosho.
Olatunji, E. A, Jubril. A. E., Okpu, E.O., Olafadehan, O.A., Ijah, U.J. and Njidda, A.A. (2012). Bacterial Assessment and Quality Analysis of Raw Milk Sold in Gwagwalada Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria. Food Science and Quality Management, 7:2224.
Omotosho, A, Abdullahi, I.O and Damisa, D. (2013). Microbiological quality and HACCP concept in the production of nono in a farm settlement in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. African Journal of Microbilogy Research 7(25): 3234-3239.
Uzoagu, G. O., Chukwuma, D. U., Aishat, B. U., Grace. S.K., Emmanuel, C. O. (2020). Bacteriological quality of nono, a milk product sold at retail outlets in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Journal of Interval Epidemiology Public Health, 3(2):1.
Standards Organization of Nigeria (1996). Standard For Liquid Milk In: Nigerian Industrial Standard, NIS, Part 1, Pp. 1-7.
Tortora, G. J., Funke. B. R. and Case, C.L. (1986). Bacteria diseases of the gastrointestinal tract In: Text Book of Microbiology an Introduction, Second Edition, Pp 653.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 James A. Ameh, Samuel Mailafia, Olatunde H. Olabode, Bridget J. Adah, Martha Echioda-Ogbole, Perpetual Stanley
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
