Entrepreneurial Traits and Career Options of Pharmacy Undergraduates in the University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Authors

  • Alagala M. B
  • Bagbi B. M

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47672/ije.1258

Keywords:

Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial traits, Career options, Pharmacy undergraduates

Abstract

Purpose: The study aims to explore the level of entrepreneurial traits and Career options of Pharmacy undergraduates of the University of Port Harcourt and to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial traits and Career options.

Methodology: The research design adopted for the study is the correlational study design. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires on a sample population of Two hundred and thirteen pharmacy undergraduates selected by Stratified random sampling. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, weighted averages, mean of weighted averages (MWA) and Spearman rank correlation was used as inferential statistics to determine the strength of the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables.

Results: The level of entrepreneurial traits of the students was found to be 4 (MWA = 3.6) while majority (28%) of the respondents chose Community pharmacy as their desired area of career, others chose public health and regulatory pharmacy (14.5%), Hospital pharmacy (15%), Industrial pharmacy (18%), Academic pharmacy (6%), other areas in pharmacy (3.5%), other areas outside Pharmacy (4.5%) and 10% were undecided. The study also showed that a positive and significant relationship exist between entrepreneurial traits and community pharmacy as well as Industrial pharmacy with a correlation coefficient of +0.823 and +0.791 respectively at p-value <0.05. A correlation coefficient +0.610, +0.561 and +0.571 at p-value <0.05 was obtained for Academic and research pharmacy, public health and regulatory pharmacy and Hospital pharmacy respectively. Other areas outside pharmacy and those that were undecided had a weak correlation of +0.421 and +0.431 respectively at p-value <0.05, with other areas in pharmacy having the weakest correlation coefficient of +0.321 at p-value <0.05. The study concluded that the level of entrepreneurial traits of the students was high, and majority possessed desire to have a career in community pharmacy, also a positive and significant relationship exist between Entrepreneurial traits and Career paths in community and Industrial pharmacy practice.

Recommendation: Entrepreneurship education should be incorporated into pharmacy undergraduate curriculum to further strengthen or enhance students' entrepreneurship skills upon graduation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Alagala M. B

Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Management, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Bagbi B. M

Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Management, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

References

Afolabi, M.O., Ola-Olorun, O.J., Abereijo, I.O. & Uchegbu, V.I. (2016). Assessment of Entrepreneurial Traits and Intention of Pharmacy Students in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Br. J. Pharm. Res. 10:1-11

Akoğlan, K. M., & Dalkıranoğlu, T. (2013). Career perceptions of new graduates: Anadolu University example. Anadolu University, Journal of Social Sciences, 13(1), 41-52.

Alagala M. B., Bagbi B. M., & Mgbahurike A. A. (2022). Entrepreneurial orientation and medication therapy management services delivery of community pharmacies in Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 6(1):14 - 40.

Bateman, T. S., & Crant. J.M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. J Organ Behav, 14(2):103-118. doi:10.1002/job.4030140202/

Begley, T.M. and Boyd, D.P. (1987). Psychological characteristics associated with performance in entrepreneurial ï¬rms and smaller businesses. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 79-93.

Brockhaus, R .H . (1980). Risk taking propensity of entrepreneurs. Academy of Management Journal, 23(3), 509-520

Brockhaus, R. H. (1982). The psychology of the entrepreneur. In C.A. Kent, D.L. Sexton, & K. H. Vesper, (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pp. 39-57.

Chell, E. (2008). The entrepreneurial personality: A social construction (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.

Cipolle, R. J., Strand, L. M., & Morley, P.C. (1998). Pharmaceutical care practice: The Clinician's Guide. 2nd Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004.

Curran, J., & Stanworth, J. (1989). Education and Training for Enterprise: Some Problems of Classification, Evaluation, Policy and Research. International Small Business Journal, 7(2), 110-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026624268900700201

Deakins, D. (1996). Entrepreneurship and Small Firms. England: McGraw-Hill.

Diaz, F., & Rodriguez, A. (2003). Locus of control and values of community entrepreneurs. Social Behavior and Personality, 31 (8), 739-748.

Drucker, P. (1985). Entrepreneurship and Innovation: Practice and Principles. Harper Business: New York.

Frese, M., Brantjes, A., & Hoorn, R. (2002). Psychological success factors of small-scale businesses in Namibia: the roles of strategy process, entrepreneurial orientation and the environment. Journal of developmental entrepreneurship, 7(3): 259 - 282.

Herrington, M., Kew, J. & Kew, P. (2009). Tracking Entrepreneurship in South Africa: A Gem perspective.

Hindle, K. & Cutting, N. (2002). Can applied entrepreneurship education enhance job satisfaction and financial performance? An empirical investigation in the Australian pharmacy profession. Journal of small business management, 40(2): 162 - 167.

Inegbenebor, A. U. (2007). Pharmacists as entrepreneurs or employees: the role of locus of control. Tropical journal of pharmaceutical research, 6 (3): 747 - 754.

Kiran, B. & Karaca, E. G. (2018). Factors affecting career plans of faculty of Pharmacy students in Ege University and their evaluations about career symposium. Marmara Pharm. J. 22(1), 37-43.

Koh, H. C. (1996). Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics: a study of Hong Kong MBA students. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 11 (3), 12-25.

Lieberman, M.L. & Montgomery, D.B. (1988). First-Mover advantages. Strategic Management Journal, 9 (1), 41-58.

Lumpkin, G., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21 (1), 135-172.

Lumpkin, G.T. & Dess, G.G. (2001). Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: the moderating role of environment and industry life cycle. Journal of business venturing, 16(5): 429-451.

Marco van Gelderen, V.U., (2016). Entrepreneurial Autonomy and its Dynamics. University Amsterdam, The Netherlands Aalto University, Finland

McClelland, D. C. (1965) Need achievement and entrepreneurship, A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 389-392.

Moore, G.A (2004). Darwin and the demon: innovating with established enterprises. Harvard Business Review, 82 (7/8), pp 86-92

Mueller, S.L., & Thomas, A.S. (2001). Culture and entrepreneurial potential: A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(1):51-75. doi:10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00039-7.

Redman, T., & Wilkinson, A. (2006). Contemporary human resource management, text and cases. NewYork: Financial Times Prentice Hall.

Rogers, E.M (1995). Diffusions of innovations, 4th edn, Free press, New York.

Rohrmann, B. (2005). Risk Attitude Scales: Concepts, Questionnaires, Utilizations. Project Report. University of Melbourne, Australia.

Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle (R. Opie, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Shane, S. & S. Venkataraman (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research

Sexton, D.L. & Bowman, N. (1983). Determining entrepreneurial potential of students. Academy of Management Proceedings, 408-411.

Showande, S. J., & Durowaiye, M. A. (2019). Pharmacy students' proclivity towards entrepreneurship-a sign of future innovation in pharmaceutical care service delivery. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 15(2), p. 177

Stinchcomb, A.L (2010). The role of entrepreneurial activities in academic pharmaceutical science research. J Pharm Sci, 99(6):2532-2537. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].

Suárez-Ãlvarez, J., Pedrosa, I., García-Cueto, E., & Muñiz, J. (2014). Screening enterprising personality in Youth: an empirical model. Span. J. Psychol. 17:E60. doi: 10.1017 /sjp.2014.61

Teixeira, A.C. (2008). Entrepreneurial potential in chemistry and pharmacy. Journal of business chemistry, 5: 47 - 75.

Mueller, S. L., & Thomas, A. S. (2001). Culture and Entrepreneurial potential: A nine country study of locus of control and Innovativeness. Journal of Business Venturing 16(1):15-75

Utsch, A., & Rauch, A. (2000). Innovativeness and initiative as mediators between achievement orientation and venture performance. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 9 (1), 45-62.

Van de Ven, A. H. (1986). Central problems in the management of innovation. Management Science, 32(5), 590-607.

Van Gelderen, M.W., & Jansen, P.G.W. (2006). Autonomy as a start-up motive. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 13(1), 23-32.

Venkatapathy, R. (1984). Locus of control among entrepreneurs: A review. Psychological Studies, 29 (1), 97-100

Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: A configurational approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 20 (1), 71-91.

Downloads

Published

2022-10-31

How to Cite

Alagala , M. B., & Bagbi , B. M. (2022). Entrepreneurial Traits and Career Options of Pharmacy Undergraduates in the University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 6(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.47672/ije.1258

Issue

Section

Articles