Effects of Light Wavelength on the Energy Output of Photovoltaic Cells in the United States

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effects of light wavelength on the energy output of photovoltaic cells in the United States.

Materials and Methods: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.

Findings: The study indicate that different wavelengths significantly impact the efficiency and performance of these cells. PV cells are most efficient when exposed to specific ranges of the light spectrum, typically around the visible range, where the energy of the photons matches the energy band gap of the semiconductor material. For instance, wavelengths in the blue and green regions (approximately 400-550 nm) generally produce higher energy outputs because these photons have higher energy levels, which are ideal for exciting electrons and generating electricity. Conversely, wavelengths in the red and infrared regions (approximately 700-1100 nm) result in lower energy outputs since these photons have less energy, often insufficient to overcome the band gap. Additionally, ultraviolet light, despite its high energy, can be less effective and potentially damaging due to excessive energy that can cause material degradation. Thus, optimizing the incident light spectrum to match the specific characteristics of the PV material is crucial for maximizing energy efficiency and output in solar cells.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Quantum efficiency theory, photoelectric effect theory and semiconductor band theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the effects of light wavelength on the energy output of photovoltaic cells in the United States. Encourage the development and commercialization of wavelength-specific coatings that enhance light absorption or protect against harmful wavelengths like UV. Policymakers should support research and development initiatives that focus on wavelength-specific photovoltaic technologies.