EFFECTS OF ETHNIC CONFLICT ON ACCESS AND PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47672/ejcm.789Keywords:
effects, ethnic conflict, access, participation, children primary educationAbstract
Purpose: Lowering the risk of dropout requires a broad set of policies aimed at reducing underlying vulnerabilities, including poverty-related factors and problems linked to education quality. Increasing the income of poor families through cash transfers can help enhance education prospects. The general objective of the study was to evaluate effects of ethnic conflict on access and participation of children in primary education.
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: The study concludes that ethnic conflicts are caused by competition over scarce and shrinking resources, favoritism, discrimination; tribal animosity, historical land injustices, voting along ethnic lines, during general elections, politics of exclusion, and biased resource allocation among communities. The causes of ethnic conflicts disrupted education activities and programs; impoverished communities, caused school dropout by children, closure of schools, absenteeism and poor enrolments and attendance levels in schools
Recommendations: There is need for trauma counselling to be offered to victims of the post-election violence. The relevant governments needs to seriously address the problem of land and put policies in place for citizens regarding owning land and property anywhere to avoid recurrence of ethnic violence in various parts of the country. On the effects of ethnic conflict on access and participation of children in primary education the researcher recommended that the relevant stakeholders should seriously address the issues related with distribution of resources, marginalization, favoritism and discrimination
Downloads
References
Abuya, B., Oketch, M., & Musyoka, P. (2013). Why do pupils dropout when education is ‘free’? Explaining school dropout among the urban poor in Nairobi. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 43(6), 740-762.
Adom, K., & Asare-Yeboa, I. T. (2016). An evaluation of human capital theory and female entrepreneurship in sub-Sahara Africa. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship.
Cherutich, S. K. (2016). Elderhood in Ethnic Conflict Management in Rongai, Nakuru County, Kenya; 1992-2015 (Doctoral dissertation, Kenyatta University).
JERONO, KIPROP. "Effect of Ethnic Conflicts on Management Of Secondary Schools In Conflict-Prone Regions: A Case Of The Lowland Areas Of Baringo County, Kenya." PhD diss., University of Eldoret, 2021.
Kiprop-Marakis, J., Ferej, A. K., & Kipkoech, L. (2019). Ethnic Conflicts and Students Participation in Secondary Education in Lowland Areas of Baringo County, Kenya.
Masaazi, Fred Masagazi, Medadi E. Ssentanda, and Willy Ngaka. "On Uganda government’s commitment to the development and implementation of the mother tongue education policy in post-2015 era." Apples: Journal of Applied Language Studies 12, no. 2 (2018).
Mitchell, R. (2017). Inclusive education in sub-Sahara Africa. Inclusive education in Uganda: Examples of best practice, 17-34.
Mwangi, M. W. (2014). Effects of workplace conflicts on performance of teachers in public secondary schools in Kenya: a survey of public secondary schools in Nyeri central district.
NJOROGE, M. P. (2012). The Social, Cultural and Economic Impact of Ethnic Violence in Molo Division, 1969–2008 (Doctoral dissertation, Kenyatta University).
NYANG’AU, S. M. (2019). Assessment of the effects of ethnic conflict on access and participation of children in primary education in Nakuru county, Kenya.
Pitchford, N. J., Chigeda, A., & Hubber, P. J. (2019). Interactive apps prevent gender discrepancies in early‐grade mathematics in a low‐income country in sub‐Sahara Africa. Developmental Science, 22(5), e12864.
Shizha, E. (2016). The impact of civil conflict/war on children’s rights to education in Africa. In Security, Education and Development in Contemporary Africa (pp. 137-153). Routledge.
Union, A. (2014). Common African Position (CAP) on the post-2015 development agenda. Addis Ababa.
Venkatasawmy, R. (2015). Ethnic conflict in Africa: A short critical discussion. Transcience Journal, 6(2), 26-37.
Wabwire, S. P. (2019). Headteachers' leadership skills and conflict resolution: a case of selected secondary schools in Kampala District (Doctoral dissertation, Kyambogo University).
Wachira, P. N. (2015). Influence of ethnic conflict on pupils’ participation in education in public upper primary schools in Tigania East Division, Meru County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Elizabeth Wangare
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
