Histopathological and Pathological Features of Bacterial Infection in Agama Lizards Found Around Poultry Houses

Authors

  • Olufisoye O. Ojo Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Buzu B. Shedrack Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  • Idopise G. Edward Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
  • James S. Sambo Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47672/ejah.1703

Keywords:

Histopathology, Liver, Melano-Macrophages, Infection, Agama Lizard

Abstract

Purpose: Histopathological examination of the liver of the lizard (Agama Agama) is useful for assessing propensity for ecological and environmental disease.
Materials and Methods: 100 free-roaming lizards were captured around poultry houses and histopathological examination of liver lesions after bacterial infection. Culture of liver samples revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium species. Macroscopically, the liver appears pale. Liver tissue blocks were fixed, stained with hematoxylin and eosin stains, and viewed on a BH2 Olympus® microscope at 200x and 400x magnification. Photomicrographs were then taken.
Findings: Microscopically, the liver parenchyma consists of normal hepatocytes arranged in chains around blood vessels and separated by narrow, clear subendothelial spaces. Histopathological examination of selected liver tissues showed that melanin-loaded melano-macrophages were distributed within the tissue. Other histopathologic features observed include in the liver tissues include; hepatocyte necrosis, severe hepatocyte vacuolization and associated melano-macrophage hypertrophy, congested blood vessels, mononuclear cell infiltration and melano-macrophage hyperplasia.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The results of this study provide insight into the histopathological picture of bacteria-infected lizards in Zaria, Nigeria, and serve as a guide for clinical manifestations and knowledge about future research on lizard livers.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Uetz, P. and Hallermann, J. (2010). The JCVI/TIGR Reptile Database. Available from: <http://www.reptiledatabase.org>.

Vitt, L.J., Pianka, E.R., Cooper-junior, W.E. and Schwenk, K. (2003). History and the Global Ecology of Squamate Reptiles. American Naturalis, 2003,162 (1): 44-60.

Akani, G.C., F. Petrozzi, L. Rugiero, G.H. Segniagbeto, and L. Luiselli. (2013). Effects of rainfall and geography on the comparative diets of eight Rainbow Lizard populations across Togo, Benin, Nigeria (West Africa). Amphibia-Reptilia. 2013, 34:185-192.

Stephen J Divers and John E Cooper. (2000). Reptile hepatic lipidosis. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine. 2000, Vol 9, pg 153-164

Abdul-Raheem K, Okasha S, E1-Deib S, et al. (1989). Hibernation in reptiles. Carbohydrate metabolism in Eryx colubrinus and Eumeces schneideri.J Therm Bio 1989, 114:133-137,

Thomas P. Colville and Joanna M. Bassert. (2009). Clinical Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual for Veterinary Technicians. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2009. ISBN 0323046843, 9780323046848.

Sinn, A.D. (2004). Pathology of reptiles a retrospective study. [phd Thesis.] Ludwig Maximilian-University, Munich. 2004,160 pp.

Hernandez-Divers S. J. and Cooper, J.E. (2006). Hepatic lipidosis. In: Mader DR (ed.): Reptile Medicine and Surgery. W.B. Saunders. 2006, 56. 806-813

Raffaele Scarpellini and Lucibel Mesa Suarez. (2019). CLINICAL CASE: Granulomatous Hepatitis in a Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps) 2019/05/04, Preprint DOI 10.183/

Orós Montón, Jorge. (2008). Atlas de patología de reptiles. INTERMEDICA S.A.

Mans Christoph. (2013). Clinical update on diagnosis and management of disorders of the digestive system of reptiles. Journal of exotic pet medicine, 2013, vol. 22, no 2, p. 141-162

Kubber-Heiss, A., Benetka, V., Filip, T., et al. (2006). First detection of an adenovirus infection in a bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) in Austria. Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsschrift 2006, 93 (3):68- 72.

Hughes-Hanks J.M., Schommer, S.K., Mitchell, W.J., et al. (2001). Hepatitis and enteritis caused by a novel herpesvirus in two monitor lizards (Varanus spp.). J Vet Diag Invest 2001, 22 (2):295-299.

Hnizdo, J. and Pantchev, N. (2011). Diseases of the digestive system, in Hnizdo J, Pantchev N (eds): Medical Care of Turtles & Tortoises. Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Chimaira Buchhandels gmbh, 2011, pp 337-368.

Allam, A. M., Nafady and Eatemad A. Awadalla. (2019). Microscopically Studies on the Liver of canthodactylus boskianus lizard. Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci. (D-Histology and histochemistry) 2019, Vol.11(1) pp94-62.

Schaffner, F. (1998). The liver. In: GANS, C., ed. Visceral organs. Philadelphia: Saunders,1998, 485-531.

Downes, S. and Borges. P. (1998). Sticky traps: an effective way to capture small terrestrial lizards. Herpetological Reviews, 1998, 29:94.

Luna, L.G. (1968). Manual of histologic staining methods of the Armed Forces Institute of the pathology. New York, mcgrawhill, 1968, 3rd ed

Jacobson, E.R. (2007). Infectious diseases and pathology of reptiles. In: CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA. 2007, Pp 716.

Agius, C. And Roberts R.J. (2003). Melano-macrophage centres and their role in fish pathology. Journal of fish Diseases. 2003, 26:499-509.

Ferguson, H.W. (1976). The relationship between ellipsoids and melano-macrophage centres in the spleen of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 1976, 86:377-380.

Gyimesi, Z. S. and E. W. Howerth. (2004). Severe melanomacrophage hyperplasia in a crocodile lizard, Shinisaurus crocodilurus: a review of melanomacrophages in ectotherms. Journal of Herpetology Medical Surgery. 2004, 14:19-23.

Albert Martinez Silvestre. (2013) Hepatic lipidosis in reptiles. southern europe veterinary conference sevc- avepa 2013, vl - 48.

Maccolini, E. (2010). Etude comparative des aliments industriels pour chelonians disponibles enfrance. Tesis Doct. Ecole Nationale Vtrinaire de Lyon.

Ladds, P. (2009). Pathology of Australian native wildlife. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 2009, Pp 640.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-20

How to Cite

Ojo, O. O. ., Shedrack, B. B. ., Edward, I. G. ., & Sambo, J. S. (2023). Histopathological and Pathological Features of Bacterial Infection in Agama Lizards Found Around Poultry Houses. European Journal of Animal Health, 4(1), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.47672/ejah.1703

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Olufisoye O. Ojo, Buzu B. Shedrack, Idopise G. Edward, James S. Sambo

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.