Clinical and Epidemiological Aspect of Canine Gastroenteritis in Lubumbashi, DR Congo.

Authors

  • Syaghuswa Kasereka Bourgeois
  • Numbi Malale Alain
  • Lenge Mushiya-Ngoi
  • Mahangaiko Muyumba Gaspard

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47672/ejah.1186

Keywords:

Gastroenteritis, canine, epidemiology, prevalence, Lubumbashi.

Abstract

Introduction: Gastroenteritis is a disease known for its high morbidity and mortality in dogs. It shows wide variations in causes and prevalence throughout the world. No study in Lubumbashi has mentioned it to date.

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to provide veterinary clinicians in Lubumbashi with data on the prevalence, seasonality associated with canine gastroenteritis and to assess the clinical diagnostic capacity of veterinary clinicians in the city of Lubumbashi.

Methodology: The retrospective 5-year clinical records of 762 dogs were consulted where only 455 clinical cases had completed records. These clinical records were collected from 14 veterinary practices and 4 veterinary clinics. A pre-populated survey form was distributed to all veterinary practices and clinics that did not complete clinical records during the study period.

Results: The prevalence of canine gastroenteritis was 47.5% [(95% CI):44.5-53.3] of ill dogs. This prevalence was influenced by vaccination status, breed, age and period of year (p<0.05). The sex did not show any influence (p>0.05). The highest prevalence was found in dogs between 0 and 6 months of age (80%). The most prevalent month was July, corresponding to the peak of the dry season in Lubumbashi. On the other hand, the least prevalent month was February, corresponding to the peak of the rainy season. Dogs in all communes were affected with the highest prevalence in the Commune of Lubumbashi 43.1% [(95% CI): 36.4-49.6] followed by the Annex commune 47 cases or 21.7% [(95% CI): 16.2-27.2]. During clinical consultations, three gastrointestinal diseases were suspected, including canine parvovirus enteritis, helminthiasis and non-specific gastroenteritis.

Unique contribution to theory and practice: This study was the first to record epidemiological data on canine gastroenteritis treated in veterinary practices and clinics in the city of Lubumbashi. It is therefore part of the objective to improve the epidemiological and clinical knowledge of canine gastrointestinal pathologies. Based on these results, the authors recommend to the dog breeders of Lubumbashi on the usefulness of vaccination and deworming of dogs especially during the dry season and to the veterinarians, rational management of the clinical records of the patients while encouraging them to practice autopsy and paraclinical examinations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Syaghuswa Kasereka Bourgeois

Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, B.P. 1825, Democratic Republic of Congo

Numbi Malale Alain

Department of internal medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, B.P. 1825, Democratic Republic of Congo

Lenge Mushiya-Ngoi

Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, B.P. 1825, Democratic Republic of Congo

Mahangaiko Muyumba Gaspard

Department of internal medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, B.P. 1825, Democratic Republic of Congo

References

Abdel-Rhman, A.A., Balkemy, F.A.E., Abouzeid, N.Z., Edries, S.M., 2019. Canine Parvo Enteritis Infection in Egypt: Isolation, Molecular Characterization and Sequencing. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 7(s2), 117-122.

Agnihotri, D., Singh, Y., Maan, S., Jain, V., Kumar, Aman, Sindhu, N., Jhamb, R., Goel, P., Kumar, Ashok, 2017. Molecular detection and clinico-haematological study of viral gastroenteritis in dogs. Haryana Vet. 56 (1), 72-76.

Assani, A.A., n.d. Variabilit temporelle et persistance des pisodes secs en saison des pluies à Lubumbashi (Congo - Kinshasa) "¢ GoProdig, portail d'information gographique [WWW Document]. URL http://geoprodig.cnrs.fr/items/show/61143 (accessed 2.6.22).

Bhat, A., Wadhwa, D., Mandial, R.K., Sharma, A., Katoch, A., Sharma, P., 2015. Clinico-Biochemical Alterations and Therapeutic Management of Canine Gastroenteritis. J. Anim. Res. 5(1), 149-153. https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-940X.2015.00025.X.

Byakya, D., Lombe, B., Madimba, Y., Kaluendi, E., 2018. Parasites gastro-intestinaux chez les chiens à Lubumbashi. Rev. D'levage Mdecine Vt. Pays Trop. 71, 173-176. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.31668.

Chastant-Maillard, S., Mila, H., Viaud, C., Marcheteau, E., Reynaud, K., Grellet, A., 2018. Le transfert d'immunit passive chez le chiot. Bull. Acadmie Vt. Fr. 171, 137-146. https://doi.org/10.4267/2042/69045

Dema, A., Tallapally, M., Ganji, V.K., Buddala, B., Kodi, H., Ramidi, A., Chenji, S.S., P, J.L., S, V.K., Yella, N.R., Putty, K., 2022. A Comprehensive Molecular Survey of Viral Pathogens Associated with Canine Gastroenteritis During 2018-21 (preprint). In Review. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1249302/v1.

Figueiredo, J., Miranda, C., Souto, R., Silva, E., Fafetine, J., Thompson, G., 2017. Genetic characterization of canine parvovirus type 2 subtypes in Maputo, Mozambique. Arch. Microbiol. 199, 543-549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-016-1320-7.

Folitse, R.D., Kodie, D.O., Amemor, E., Dei, D., Tasiame, W., Burimuah, V., Emikpe, B.O., 2018. Detection of canine parvovirus antigen in dogs in Kumasi, Ghana. Afr. J. Infect. Dis. 12, 28-32.

Geetha, M., Selvaraju, G., 2021. Canine Parvoviral Enteritis and Its Determinants-An Epidemiological Analysis. Indian J. Anim. Res. https://doi.org/10.18805/IJAR.B-4302

Gizzi, A.B. da R., Oliveira, S.T., Leutenegger, C.M., Estrada, M., Kozemjakin, D.A., Stedile, R., Marcondes, M., Biondo, A.W., 2014. Presence of infectious agents and co-infections in diarrheic dogs determined with a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based panel. BMC Vet. Res. 10(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-10-23.

GombaÄ, M., Å vara, T., Tadić, M., PogaÄnik, M., 2008. RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CANINE PARVOVIROSIS IN SLOVENIA. Slov. Vet. Res. 45, 73-78.

Hawdon, J.M., Wise, K.A., 2021. Ancylostoma caninum and Other Canine Hookworms, in: Strube, C., Mehlhorn, H. (Eds.), Dog Parasites Endangering Human Health, Parasitology Research Monographs. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 147-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53230-7_9.

Kalombo, K., 2015. Caractrisation De La Rpartition Temporelle Des Prcipitations À Lubumbashi (sud-Est De La Rdc) Sur La Priode 1970-2014. 6. XXVIIIe Colloque de l'Association Internationale de Climatologie, Liège, pp.531-536.

Kataria, D., Agnihotri, D., Jain, V.K., Kumar, T., 2020. A prevalence study on dogs suffering from gastroenteritis. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 9(2), 176-179..

Kjaergaard, A.B., Carr, A.P., Gaunt, M.C., 2016. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection in association with acute gastroenteritis in 7 dogs from Saskatchewan. Can. Vet. J. 57, 964-968.

Kouamo, J., Kana, A.G.D., Dongmo, C.C.Z., 2021. The study of prevalence and associated risk factors of diseases and other clinical conditions diagnosed in dogs and cats in Douala city, Cameroon. Rev. Vt. Clin. 56, 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anicom.2021.01.001

Nizami, T., Sattar, A., Akter, S., Rahman, M., Nahar, N., Chowdhury, M., Hoque, M., 2020. Epidemiological Inspection of Canine Parvoviral Enteritis at Teaching Veterinary Hospital in Chattogram, Bangladesh. TurkVetJ, 2(2), 45-53.

Priya, A.K., Balagangatharathilagar, M., Chandrasekaran, D., Parthiban, M., Prathaban, S., 2017. Prevalence of enteropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in puppies with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Vet. World 10, 859-863. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2017.859-863.

Rakha, G.M.H., Abdl-Haleem, M.M., Farghali, H.A.M., Abdel-Saeed, H., 2015. Prevalence of common canine digestive problems compared with other health problems in teaching veterinary hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. Vet. World 8, 403-411. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2015.403-411.

Rodrigues, M.D., Escapilato, P.B., Oliveira, N.A., Menolli, K.A.P., 2018. Gastroenterite canina. Ciênc. Veterinária UniFil, 1(2), 1-10.

Saasa, N., Nalubamba, K.S., M'kandawire, E., Siwila, J., 2016. Seroprevalence of Canine Parvovirus in Dogs in Lusaka District, Zambia. J. Vet. Med. 2016, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9781357.

Sævik, B.K., Skancke, E.M., Trangerud, C., 2012. A longitudinal study on diarrhoea and vomiting in young dogs of four large breeds. Acta Vet. Scand. 54, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-54-8.

Shima, F.K., Omotosho, O.O., Apaa, T.T., Omobowale, T.O., Nottidge, H.O., 2021. A retrospective study of the prevalence of gastroenteritis in dogs attending some veterinary clinics in Nigeria. Rev. Vt. Clin. 56, 170-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anicom.2021.09.001.

Shima, K., Apaa, T., Mosugu, J., 2015. Epidemiology of Canine Parvovirus Enteritis among Hospitalized Dogs in Effurun/Warri Metropolitan Region of Delta State, Nigeria. OALib 02, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1101208.

Sousa, F.G. de, Costa, H.F., Brendolan, A.P., 2021. Parvovirus and distemper - the serious gastroenteritis viral / Parvovirose e cinomose - as graves gastroenterites virais. Braz. J. Dev. 7, 22165-22181. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n3-093.

Tagorti, G., 2019. Disease prevalence among young dogs in Grand Tunis, Tunisia: A retrospective study. Vet. World 12, 489-495. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.489-495.

Ukwueze, C.S., Anene, B.M., Nwosuh, C.I., Ezeokonkwo, R.C., 2021. Current trends of canine parvoviral enteritis: Nigeria perspective. Bangladesh J. Vet. Med. BJVM 19(2), 113-128.

Downloads

Published

2022-09-10

How to Cite

Syaghuswa, K. B., Numbi, M. A., Lenge , M. ., & Mahangaiko, M. G. (2022). Clinical and Epidemiological Aspect of Canine Gastroenteritis in Lubumbashi, DR Congo. European Journal of Animal Health, 3(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.47672/ejah.1186

Issue

Section

Articles