European Journal of Animal Health

Evaluation of Antibiotic Usage Patterns and Antimicrobial Resistance in Companion Animals in Israel

Marya Yosef — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the evaluation of antibiotic usage patterns and antimicrobial resistance in companion animals in Israel.

Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.

Findings: The study reveals significant insights into the dynamics of antibiotic administration and its consequences on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Through extensive analysis, researchers have identified common trends in antibiotic prescriptions for companion animals, highlighting frequent usage in both prophylactic and therapeutic scenarios. Moreover, the study underscores the concerning prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among these animals, indicating a growing challenge in managing infections effectively. Factors such as inappropriate antibiotic selection, dosing errors, and inadequate treatment durations contribute to the development of AMR in companion animals, raising concerns about its potential transmission to humans. Additionally, the findings emphasize the critical need for judicious antibiotic use and comprehensive surveillance strategies to mitigate the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance in veterinary settings.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior and one health theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the evaluation of antibiotic usage patterns and antimicrobial resistance in companion animals in Israel. Develop evidence-based guidelines for antibiotic prescribing in companion animals, tailored to different clinical scenarios and species. Advocate for regulatory measures to promote responsible antibiotic use in companion animals, including restrictions on the use of medically important antibiotics and the implementation of prescription-only policies for certain antimicrobial agents.

Assessment of Welfare Indicators in Farmed Rabbits Fed Different Diets

Charlie Robinson — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the assessment of welfare indicators in farmed rabbits fed different diets.

Findings: The study revealed that rabbits fed diets rich in fiber and nutrients exhibited better physiological markers, including improved digestive health and reduced instances of gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, behavioral observations suggested that rabbits on specific diets displayed more natural and active behaviors, indicating higher levels of welfare. Furthermore, health assessments revealed fewer instances of illness and improved overall condition in rabbits consuming certain dietary formulations. These findings underscore the importance of dietary management in promoting optimal welfare for farmed rabbits, with implications for industry practices aimed at enhancing animal well-being.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Optimal foraging theory, stress theory and homeostasis theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the assessment of welfare indicators in farmed rabbits fed different diets. Practical recommendations should emphasize the implementation of evidence-based dietary strategies tailored to meet the specific welfare needs of rabbits in different production systems. Policy recommendations should focus on integrating welfare considerations into regulatory frameworks and industry standards for rabbit production

Effect of Housing Conditions on Respiratory Health in Shelter Dogs in Kenya

Lucy Kimuli — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of housing conditions on respiratory health in shelter dogs in Kenya.

Findings: The study found significant correlations between certain environmental factors and respiratory issues. Researchers observed that dogs housed in environments with poor ventilation, high levels of airborne pollutants, and overcrowding were more likely to develop respiratory problems such as infectious tracheobronchitis and canine influenza. Additionally, dogs housed in kennels with inadequate cleaning protocols exhibited higher rates of respiratory illness compared to those in cleaner environments. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining optimal housing conditions in shelters to promote the respiratory health and overall well-being of shelter dogs.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Stress theory, environmental enrichment theory and one health theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the effect of housing conditions on respiratory health in shelter dogs in Kenya. Implement measures to improve housing conditions in shelters, such as reducing kennel density, enhancing ventilation systems, and implementing standardized cleaning protocols. Develop and enforce regulations or guidelines for shelter facilities to ensure adequate housing conditions that promote respiratory health in shelter dogs.

Effect of Environmental Enrichment on Behavioral and Physiological Welfare Indicators in Laboratory Mice in Eritrea

Michael Debesa — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of environmental enrichment on behavioral and physiological welfare indicators in laboratory mice in Eritrea.

Findings: The study on environmental enrichment included features like running wheels, nesting material, and tunnels, providing a more stimulating environment compared to standard laboratory housing. The findings revealed significant improvements in the behavioral welfare of mice housed in enriched environments, including reduced stereotypic behaviors and increased exploration and social interactions. Additionally, physiological indicators such as reduced stress hormone levels and enhanced immune function were observed in mice exposed to environmental enrichment. These results suggest that enriching the living conditions of laboratory mice can positively affect their welfare, both behaviorally and physiologically, highlighting the importance of considering environmental factors in animal research settings.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Environmental enrichment theory, stress reduction theory and neuroplasticity theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the effect of environmental enrichment on behavioral and physiological welfare indicators in laboratory mice in Eritrea. To ensure consistent and reproducible outcomes across research facilities, it is imperative to develop standardized protocols for environmental enrichment in laboratory mouse housing. Regulatory bodies and funding agencies should consider incorporating specific requirements for environmental enrichment into animal welfare guidelines and research protocols.

Impact of Grazing Management Practices on Mastitis Incidence in Dairy Cows in Sudan

Osama Eassa — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of grazing management practices on mastitis incidence in dairy cows in Sudan.

Findings: The study indicated that pasture-based systems can lead to a decrease in mastitis incidence compared to confinement systems. This reduction is attributed to factors such as increased exercise, improved hygiene, and reduced stress levels in grazing cows. Additionally, the consumption of fresh grass may enhance the cow's immune response, thereby lowering the risk of mastitis. However, other research suggests that improper grazing management, such as overgrazing or exposure to wet pasture conditions, can actually increase the risk of mastitis due to higher exposure to environmental pathogens. Overall, effective grazing management practices, including rotational grazing, proper stocking rates, and maintaining clean and dry pasture conditions, are essential in minimizing mastitis incidence in dairy herds.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Ecological theory, one health theory and stress theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the impact of grazing management practices on mastitis incidence in dairy cows in Sudan. Implement educational programs and training initiatives for dairy farmers to increase awareness of effective grazing management practices for mastitis prevention. Develop policies that incentivize the adoption of best practices in grazing management for mastitis prevention.