THE COMPARATIVE STUDY TO DETECT RENAL & URINARY TRACT CALCULI (NEPHROLITHIASIS AND UROLITHIASIS) ON ULTRASOUND AND CT.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.861Keywords:
CT, Nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, renal calculi, ultrasound, sensitivity, specificity.Abstract
Background: Ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging modality, and it is cost effective while CT in invasive that uses ionizing radiations, yet it is difficult on ultrasound to diagnose calculi in ureter hence for evaluation of ureteric calculi CT scan is gold standard modality.
Objective: To compare the detection of renal& urinary tract calculi (nephrolithiasis & urolithiasis) on ultrasound and CT.
Material and methods: The data bases PubMed, ProQuest, and Google scholar and research gate were searched with the key words: nephrolithiasis on ultrasound and CT, sensitivity, specificity, from 2010 to 2021. For inclusion and exclusion of studies independently screened the titles and abstracts of full and related articles. Articles that had information about nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis at ultrasound and CT and its sensitivity and specificity were included.
Results: In total, 28 studies were found on renal & urinary tract calculi at ultrasound and computed tomography. This literature review demonstrates that computed tomography is characterized by high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing renal, ureteric calculi while ultrasound has low sensitivity and specificity.
Conclusions: Ultrasound is the best modality for imaging calculi within the kidney, a well hyper echoic mass with posterior acoustic shadow is identified as stone on gray scale, color Doppler can be used for demarcation of stone. At Color Doppler twinkling artifact appears around the calculi hence it can be differentiated by hyper echoic renal sinuses but this is crucially dependant on the size and anatomical position of the stone. The ultrasonic evaluation either overestimates or misinterprets the calculi size while CT gives an exact measurement, position with authentic sensitivity and specificity. Hence, CT is the gold standard for detection of renal calculi.
Recommendation: Ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging modality and it is cost effective while CT in invasive that uses ionizing radiations, yet it is difficult on ultrasound to diagnose calculi in ureter hence for evaluation of ureteric calculi CT scan is gold standard modality.
Downloads
References
Kondekar S, Minne I. Comparative Study of Ultrasound and Computerized Tomography for Nephrolithiasis Detection. Radiology. 2020;5(2):B4-7.
York NE, Zheng M, Elmansy HM, Rivera ME, Krambeck AE, Lingeman JE. Stone-free outcomes of flexible ureteroscopy for renal calculi utilizing computed tomography imaging. Urology. 2019 Feb 1;124:52-6.
Dunmire B, Lee FC, Hsi RS, Cunitz BW, Paun M, Bailey MR, Sorensen MD, Harper JD. Tools to improve the accuracy of kidney stone sizing with ultrasound. Journal of endourology. 2015 Feb 1;29(2):147-52.
Cunitz B, Dunmire B, Paun M, Sapozhnikov O, Kucewicz J, Hsi R, Lee F, Sorensen M, Harper J, Bailey M. Improved detection of kidney stones using an optimized Doppler imaging sequence. In2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium 2014 Sep 3 (pp. 452-455). IEEE.
Dunmire B, Harper JD, Cunitz BW, Lee FC, Hsi R, Liu Z, Bailey MR, Sorensen MD. Use of the acoustic shadow width to determine kidney stone size with ultrasound. The Journal of urology. 2016 Jan;195(1):171-7.
Letafati M. Diagnostic value of color Doppler twinkle artifact in renal stones (Doctoral dissertation, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine)
Sternberg KM, Eisner B, Larson T, Hernandez N, Han J, Pais VM. Ultrasonography significantly overestimates stone size when compared to low-dose, noncontrast computed tomography. Urology. 2016 Sep 1;95:67-71.
Rahman El Bakry RA. Prospective comparative study between un-enhanced multidetector computed tomography and ultrasonography in evaluation of acute renal colic. Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2017 Dec 1;53(4):367-71.
Abdalgader SB. Comparative Study between Spiral computed Tomography and Ultrasound in Detecting Urolithiasis (Doctoral dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology).
Alnour MM. A Comparative Study between Spiral Computed Tomography and Ultrasound in Detecting Urolithiasis (Doctoral dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology).
Johnson EK, Faerber GJ, Roberts WW, Wolf Jr JS, Park JM, Bloom DA, Wan J. Are stone protocol computed tomography scans mandatory for children with suspected urinary calculi?. Urology. 2011 Sep 1;78(3):662-6.
Vijayakumar M, Ganpule A, Singh A, Sabnis R, Desai M. Review of techniques for ultrasonic determination of kidney stone size. Research and reports in urology. 2018;10:57.
Roberts MJ, Williams J, Khadra S, Nalavenkata S, Kam J, McCombie SP, Arianayagam M, Canagasingham B, Ferguson R, Khadra M, Varol C. A prospective, matched comparison of ultra"low and standard"dose computed tomography for assessment of renal colic. BJU international. 2020 Sep;126:27-32.
Roberson NP, Dillman JR, O'Hara SM, DeFoor WR, Reddy PP, Giordano RM, Trout AT. Comparison of ultrasound versus computed tomography for the detection of kidney stones in the pediatric population: a clinical effectiveness study. Pediatric radiology. 2018 Jul;48(7):962-72.
Ray AA, Ghiculete D, Pace KT, Honey RJ. Limitations to ultrasound in the detection and measurement of urinary tract calculi. Urology. 2010 Aug 1;76(2):295-300.
Verhagen MV, Watson TA, Hickson M, Smeulders N, Humphries PD. Acoustic shadowing in pediatric kidney stone ultrasound: a retrospective study with non-enhanced computed tomography as reference standard. Pediatric radiology. 2019 May;49(6):777-83.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Mahnoor Pracha, Amtullah Fatima, Najeebullah Alakozai, Azizullah Alakozai, Taiba Aslam, Rana Muhammad Athar Azeem Shams, Amna Babar, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
