Prevalence of Low Back Pain in Women Wearing High Heels Residing in Khanewal, Pakistan

Wed, 15 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: Low back pain is not much prevalent among women wearing high heels but in certain cases it is the cause of disability, absence from work and also affects the quality of life. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of low back pain among the women of Khanewal wearing high heels.

Methodology: A cross sectional survey was used. Data was collected from Khanewal from 1^st October to 31^st December 2019. The sample size was 250 women ranging between 20 to 40 years. Inclusion criteria include age between 20 to 35 years, height of heel 2 – 10 cm, duration of wearing of high heel shoes > 3 hours per day, frequency of wearing high heel shoes > 3 times / week. Exclusion criteria consisted of previous history of any accident or injury to the back, fracture of the vertebrae, any spinal pathology, any systemic disease, women who left wearing heels, women wearing heels occasionally. Data was collected by convenient sampling technique, through the use of oswestry low back pain disability questionaire.Study was completed in 3 months after the approval of synopsis. Data entry and analysis were done using computer software SPSS 21.

Findings: Among 250 women with the mean age of 27 years, 208(83.2%) female lie in minimum disability sore and 42(16.8%) females lie in moderate disability score. The study concluded that there is relatively low prevalence of low back pain among the women wearing high heels.

Recommendations: The duration of study was short, so in future more time is required for this study. Sample was only conducted in Khanewal, therefore more cities should be selected for target population to collect sample in future.

Myocarditis in Adolescents (12-17 years) Associated with the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) Vaccine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Don Mathew, Siddharth Agarwal, Akil Sherif, Karandeep Bumrah — Mon, 27 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: Data on the incidence rate of myocarditis associated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in adolescents is limited. The research estimated the incidence of myocarditis associated with the Pfizer- BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2) in adolescents (12-17 years).

Methodology: This study was conducted as per the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Incidence rates were estimated after generating a random effects model.

Findings: The Incidence rate in males after the first dose was 2.4 per 100,000 persons (0.8- 6.8 per 100,000; I²: 17.17%). The IR in females after the first dose was 1.9 per 100,000 persons (0.5-6.5 per 100,000; I²: 0.00). After the second dose, the IR in males was 15.7 per 100,000 persons (3.2-78.1 per 100,000; I²: 96.45%), while in females the IR after the second dose was 6.1 per 100,000 persons (2.9-12.1 per 100,000; I²: 0.00). The Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) after the first dose between males and females was 1.86 (0.40-8.5; I²: 0.00) and 6.35 (2.98-13.49; I²: 0.00) after the second dose. Among individuals between 12- 17 years of age, myocarditis is a rare side effect associated with Pfizer- BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2) vaccination. The incidence in males were about two times greater than females following the first dose and six times greater following the second dose.

Recommendation: Vaccination strategy in adolescent males needs to be revisited to mitigate risk of myocarditis.

American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice

Prevalence of Low Back Pain in Women Wearing High Heels Residing in Khanewal, Pakistan

Myocarditis in Adolescents (12-17 years) Associated with the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) Vaccine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis