Relationship between Nurse Staffing Levels and Patient Outcomes in Intensive Care Units in South Africa

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes in intensive care units in South Africa.

Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.

Findings: The study found that higher nurse-to-patient ratios were associated with improved patient outcomes, including reduced mortality rates, decreased rates of hospital-acquired infections, and fewer adverse events such as medication errors or patient falls. These outcomes suggest that adequate nurse staffing plays a crucial role in ensuring patient safety and quality of care within ICUs. Additionally, the study revealed that optimal nurse staffing levels not only positively impacted patient outcomes but also contributed to improved nurse job satisfaction and lower rates of burnout. This correlation underscores the importance of adequate staffing not only for patient well-being but also for the well-being of the nursing staff.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Contingency theory, resource dependency theory and social exchange theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the relationship between nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes in intensive care units in South Africa. Develop and implement tailored staffing models that account for patient acuity levels, workload complexity, and specific care needs within ICUs. Advocate for the establishment of standardized nurse-to-patient staffing ratios in ICUs based on evidence-based guidelines and best practices.