Bridging the Financial Knowledge Gap: Innovative Approaches to Financial Literacy in Africa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47672/ajf.2280Keywords:
Financial Knowledge Gap, Financial Literacy, Innovative Approaches, Personal Finance, Educational Finance, Economic DevelopmentAbstract
Purpose: This study seeks to examine the importance of financial literacy, the current state of financial literacy in Africa, barriers to financial literacy on the continent, and innovative approaches to financial literacy. The study further explores how the UK's Money Advice Service and Singapore's National Financial Literacy Programme can be leveraged to bridge the financial knowledge gap in African countries such as Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, and Ghana. Case studies from these countries highlight the impact of integrating financial education into national curricula, community-based programmes, and leveraging mobile technology to enhance financial behaviours and inclusion.
Materials and Methods: The study is anchored on the human capital theory and employed a qualitative research design. Content analysis was used to interpret and synthesize data from various institutional and academic publications.
Findings: Findings revealed that innovative financial literacy initiatives, such as gamification and digital platforms, significantly improve financial literacy and inclusion. Tailored financial literacy programmes that consider cultural and linguistic diversity are crucial for effective financial education in Africa.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Based on the above, the study recommended among other things that there is need develop localized financial literacy content to align with the cultural and linguistic diversity of African populations.
Downloads
References
Adeoti, J. O., & Oshotimehin, K. O. (2021). Digital currency and the future of banking in Nigeria: An assessment of the central bank digital currency (CBDC), eNaira. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 26(1), 1-15.
Atkinson, A., & Messy, F. A. (2012). Measuring financial literacy: Results of the OECD / International Network on Financial Education (INFE) pilot study. OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions, No. 15, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k9csfs90fr4-en
Atkinson, A., McKay, S., Kempson, E., & Collard, S. (2017). Levels of financial capability in the UK: Results of a baseline survey. Financial Services Authority.
Baker, H. K., & Dellaert, B. G. (2018). Behavioral finance: An introduction. In H. K. Baker & V. Ricciardi (Eds.), Investor behavior: The psychology of financial planning and investing (pp. 1-8). Wiley.
Bank of Ghana. (2021). National Financial Inclusion and Development Strategy. Retrieved from https://www.bog.gov.gh/national-financial-inclusion-and-development-strategy/
Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago Press.
Central Bank of Nigeria. (2021). Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and its impact on the Nigerian economy. Retrieved from https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2021/CCD/Central%20Bank%20Digital%20Currency%20(CBDC)%20and%20its%20Impact%20on%20the%20Nigerian%20Economy.pdf
Collins, J. M., & O'Rourke, C. M. (2010). Financial education and counseling—Still holding promise. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 44(3), 483-498. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2010.01179.x
Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L. F., Singer, D., Ansar, S., & Hess, J. (2018). The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring financial inclusion and the fintech revolution. The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1259-0
Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., & Nacke, L. (2011). From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness: Defining "Gamification". In Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments (pp. 9-15). ACM.
Fernandes, D., Lynch, J. G., Jr., & Netemeyer, R. G. (2014). Financial literacy, financial education, and downstream financial behaviors. Management Science, 60(8), 1861-1883. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1849
Financial Sector Conduct Authority. (2020). Money Smart Week South Africa 2020. Retrieved from https://www.fsca.co.za/Media%20Releases/Money%20Smart%20Week%202020.pdf
Grohmann, A., Klühs, T., & Menkhoff, L. (2018). Does financial literacy improve financial inclusion? Cross country evidence. World Development, 111, 84-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.06.020
Grohmann, A., Klühs, T., & Menkhoff, L. (2018). Does financial literacy improve financial inclusion? Cross-country evidence. World Development, 111, 84-96.
Hanushek, E. A., & Woessmann, L. (2020). The economic impacts of learning losses. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 225. https://doi.org/10.1787/21908d74-en
Hastings, J. S., Madrian, B. C., & Skimmyhorn, W. L. (2013). Financial Literacy, Financial Education, and Economic Outcomes. Annual Review of Economics, 5(1), 347-373.
Hastings, J. S., Madrian, B. C., & Skimmyhorn, W. L. (2013). Financial literacy, financial education, and economic outcomes. Annual Review of Economics, 5, 347-373. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-082312-125807
Henderson, R. M., & Clark, K. B. (2023). Architectural innovation: The reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms. Administrative Science Quarterly. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2307/2393549
Hughes, N., & Lonie, S. (2007). M-PESA: Mobile money for the “unbanked” turning cellphones into 24-hour tellers in Kenya. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 2(1-2), 63-81. https://doi.org/10.1162/itgg.2007.2.1-2.63
ILO. (2018). Women and men in the informal economy: A statistical picture (third edition). International Labour Office. https://www.ilo.org/global/publications/books/WCMS_626831/lang--en/index.htm
International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2022). Ghana: Financial Inclusion and Development Strategy. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2022/05/17/Ghana-Financial-Inclusion-
Johnson, E., & Sherraden, M. (2022). The Effectiveness of Personalized Financial Education: A Behavioral Approach. Journal of Financial Behavior, 11(2), 45-59.
Kempson, E., & Whyley, C. (2018). Measuring the impact of financial capability interventions: The case of Money Advice Service. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 36(5), 950-969. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-01-2018-0010
Khan Academy. (n.d.). Finance and Capital Markets. Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance
Khan, M., & Tan, E. (2023). Digital Platforms and Financial Literacy: The Power of Online Communities. Journal of Financial Innovation, 9(1), 101-117.
Lopez, G., & Williams, T. (2024). Integrating Behavioral Finance into Financial Literacy Programs. Behavioral Finance Journal, 12(3), 334-350.
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5-44.
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The Economic Importance of Financial Literacy: Theory and Evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5-44.
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5-44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2019). Financial literacy and the need for financial education: evidence and implications. Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics. Retrieved from https://sjes.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41937-019-0027-5
Lusardi, A., & Tufano, P. (2015). Debt Literacy, Financial Experiences, and Overindebtedness. Journal of Pension Economics & Finance, 14(4), 332-368.
Lusardi, A., & Tufano, P. (2015). Debt literacy, financial experiences, and overindebtedness. Journal of Pension Economics & Finance, 14(4), 332-368. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474747215000238
Mincer, J. (1974). Schooling, experience, and earnings. Columbia University Press.
Monetary Authority of Singapore. (2017). MoneySENSE: National Financial Education Programme. Retrieved from http://www.mas.gov.sg/Singapore-Financial-Centre/Smart-Financial-Centre/MoneySENSE.aspx
Money Advice Service. (2017). Annual review 2016/17. Retrieved from https://www.moneyadviceservice.org.uk/en/corporate/annual-review-2016-17
National Urban League. (2024, July 20). Disparities in African-American financial literacy: serious problems with the concept. Retrieved from https://nul.org/news/disparities-african-american-financial-literacy-serious-problems-concept
NISR. (2020). Rwanda Financial Literacy Survey 2020. National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. http://www.statistics.gov.rw/publication/rwanda-financial-literacy-survey-2020Suri, T., & Jack, W. (2016). The long-run poverty and gender impacts of mobile money. Science, 354(6317), 1288-1292. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah5309
OECD. (2013). PISA (2012). Results: Students and Money: Financial Literacy Skills for the 21st Century (Volume VI). OECD Publishing.
OECD. (2020). OECD/INFE 2020 International Survey of Adult Financial Literacy. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/financial/education/2020-international-survey-of-adult-financial-literacy.pdf
Osei-Assibey, E. (2021). Financial inclusion in Ghana: An analysis of the determinants and the implications for financial sector policy. African Review of Economics and Finance, 13(1), 54-76.
Schultz, T. W. (1971). Investing in human capital: The role of education and of research. Free Press.
Schwab, K. (2023). The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond. World Economic Forum. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/
Shen, C., Garnett, R., & Hagerman, M. (2016). Experiential Games for Financial Literacy: A Field Study of Monetta Kids. Simulation & Gaming, 47(4), 437-455.
Smith, J., & Patel, R. (2021). Gamification and Financial Literacy: Engaging and Educating Consumers. Journal of Financial Education, 47(4), 22-37
Suri, T., & Jack, W. (2016). The long-run poverty and gender impacts of mobile money. Science, 354(6317), 1288-1292. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah5309
Van Rooij, M., Lusardi, A., & Alessie, R. (2011). Financial literacy and stock market participation. Journal of Financial Economics, 101(2), 449-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.03.006
Willis, L. E. (2011). The financial education fallacy. The American Economic Review, 101(3), 429-434. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.429
World Bank. (2022). The World Bank Annual Report 2022: Supporting Countries in Challenging Times. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/annual-report
World Bank. (2022). The World Bank Annual Report 2022: Supporting Countries in Challenging Times. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/annual-report
Xiao, J. J., & O'Neill, B. (2016). Consumer financial education and financial capability. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 40(6), 712-721. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12301
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Sarah Amana, Dr Alex Tamunomiegbam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.