Perception of Local Population of Manda National Park (Chad) on use of Vultures and the Impact of their Activities on the Conservation of Species
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1363Keywords:
Perception, impact, human activity, vulture, conservation, MandaAbstract
Purpose: This study aimed at analysing the perceptions of the local population and the impact of their activities on the conservation of vultures.
Methodology: This study was conducted at the periphery of Manda National Park (MNP) in the province of Moyen-Chari, in southern Chad. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered in 24 villages and involving 300 people belonging to 7 different ethnic groups (Sara, Gouleye, Mbaye, Ndaye, Ngambaye, Peul and Sarakaba). A stratified random sampling was carried out for this purpose. Chi-square test was used to compare the different levels of local population perception.
Findings: This study found that six (6) species of vultures were encountered in the study area, all belonging to the family Accipitridae, Order Accipitriformes with a predominance of Hooded Vulture, Necrosyrtes monachus (52.33%). Agricultural (70.32%), logging (24.4%) and pastoral (19.32%) practices were mainly prevalent in the local populations. The main threats to vulture populations in the study area include: food scarcity (95%), deforestation (57.33%), poaching (9.33%), use of vultures in the tradition (fetishes, cultural events) (7.66%) and the consumption of vultures (7%).
Contribution to theory and practice: This study made it possible to show the attachment of the population bordering the MNP to certain species of vultures in particular the white-headed vulture, Trigonoceps occipitalis and N. monachus of the study area through the totem, the myths and other clan or religious prohibitions; a factor that contributes to good human-bird cohabitation. This study also made it possible to assess the impact of human activities on vultures and offers opportunities to improve vulture conservation methods by involving local populations in conservation plans. The local populations of the PNM should be sensitized by the authorities in charge of wildlife management, on the importance of vultures in cleaning the environment, essential for health, and on the ecological importance of this taxon.
Downloads
References
Adjakpa, J B. 2002. Contribution à l'inventaire des oiseaux sauvages utiliss comme matières en pharmacope traditionnelle au Benin. Nature et Faune, 18 (1) : 14-22.
Adjakpa, J B. 2002. Oiseaux utiliss en pharmacope traditionnelle au Bnin. Malimbus, 24: 1-14.
Birdlife International. 2017a. Necrosyrtes monachus (Hooded vulture). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22695185A118599398. <http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017- 3.RLTS.T22695185A118599398.en>.Visit le 11/2/2018.
Birdlife International. 2017b. Gyps africanus (african white-backed). The iucn red list of threatened species2017: e.t22695189a118592149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.20173.rlts.t22695189a11592149.en>. Visit le 11/2/2018.
Birdlife International. 2017c. Neophron percnopterus (Egyptian vulture). The IUCN red list of threatened species 2017: e.t22695180a118600142. <http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.2017- 3. rlts. t22695180a118600142.en>. Visit e 11/2/2018.
Birdlife International. 2017d. Torgos tracheliotos (lappet-faced vulture). The IUCN red list of threatened species 2017: e.t22695238a118631696. <http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22695238a118631696.en>.Visit le 11/2/2018.
Birdlife International. 2017e. Gyps rueppelli Rüpell's vulture. The IUCN red list of threatened Species (2017): e.t22695207a118595083. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22695207a118595083.en>. Visit le 11/2/2018.
Birdlife International. 2018. Etats des populations d'oiseaux dans le monde : prenons-le pouls de la planète. Cambridge, UK; Birdlife International, 80p.
Borrow, N and Demey, R. 2008. Guide des oiseaux d'Afrique de l'ouest. Les guides du naturaliste. Delachaux et niestl sa. Paris, 512p.
Botha, A et William. 2017. Multi-species action plan to conserve african-eurasian-vulture. CMS Raptor s MOU Technical Publication No. 5.
Botha, A. 2007. A review of colour-marking technique used on vultures in southern Africa. Vulture news, 56: 52-63.
Buij, R and Whystock, R. 2016. Trade of threatened vultures and other raptors for fetish and bushmeat in west and central africa. Oryx, 50: 606-616.
Carrete, M., Grande, J. M., Tella, J. L., Sanchez-Zapata, J. A., Donazar, J. A., Dıaz-Delgado, R. and Romo, A. 2007. Habitat, human pressure, and social behavior: Partialling out factors affecting large-scale territory extinction in an endangered vulture. Biological conservation, 136 : 143-154. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.025
CMS, 2017. Conservation des vautours d'Afrique-Eurasie. UNEP/CMS/COP12/Dc.25.1.16
CMS, 2017. Proposition pour l'inscription de cinq espèces de vautours prsentes en Afrique Subsaharienne à l'Annexe 1 de la convention. UNEP/CMS/COP12/Dc.25.1.15
IUCN. 2016. The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2016 www.iucnredlist.downloaded on 22 February 2017.
Jean, P. 2011. Les vautours à la croise des politiques de biodiversit, du tourisme, de l'environnement et de l'agriculture, 91p.
Kougoum, P.G.N., Tamungang, S. A and Teguia, A. 2020. Socio-economic impact on grey parriot-survival, implication on the conservation of the species in Kom National Park-Mengame Gorilla Santuary complex, south-cameroun. Journal of Environnement and Ecology (JEE), 11(2): 31-48.
Legas, S.M. and Taye, B. 2019. Impacts of human activities on wildlife: The case of Nile Lechwe (Kobus megaceros) Gambella National Park, Southwest Ethiopia. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 11(1): 48-57. DOI: 10.5897/IJBC2017.1144
Languy, M. 2019. The birds of cameroon. Their status and distribution. Series student in afro-tropical zoology, vol.299. terveiren royal museum for central africa. 567p.
Martin-lopez, B., Iniesta, A. 2012. Uncovering ecosystem service bundles through social preferences. plos one 7: e38970.
Meyburg, B. 2004. Migrations and sojoum in Africa of egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) tracked by satellite. Journal of Ornithnology, 145: 273-280.
Morales-Reyes, Z. 2018. Farmer perceptions of the ecosystem services provided by scavengers: what, who, and to whom. Conservation Lettres ? 11: 12392p.
Nikolaus, G. 2011. The fetish culture in West Africa: an ancient tradition as a threat to endangered bird life? in: tropical vertebrates in a changing world. 145p
Nikolaus, G. 2001. Bird exploitation for traditional medicine in nigeria. Malimbus, 23: 45-55. Ogada and Shaw. 2016. Another continental vulture crisis: africa's vultures collapsing toxard extinction. Conservation lettres 9: 89-97
Ogada, D. and Salekwiki, F. 2016. Decline of raptors over a three-year period in Laikipia, central Kenya. Journal of Raptor Research, 44: 129-135.
Ogada, D., Botha, A. and Shaw, P. 2015. Ivory poachers and poison: drivers of africa's declining vulture populations. Oryx, 50: 594-596.
Ogada, D. and Thiollay, J. 2011. Another continental vulture crisis: africa's vultures collapsing toward extinction. Conservation lettres, 9(2): 89-92.
Pfeiffer, M. 2015. Identifying anthropogenic threats to cape vultures Gyps coprotheres using community perceptions in communal farmland, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Bird Conservation International, 25: 353-365.
Ruxton and Houston. 2002. Modelling the energy budget of a colonial bird of prey, the rupell's griffon vulture, and consequences for its breeding ecology. African Journal of Ecology, 40: 269-266.
Salewewki, V. 2018. Report 2018 of the « vulture conservation project » of the Nabu International Foundation for Nature in Ivory Coast. Unpublished report, Nabu International Foundation for Nature.
Salewski, V. 2017. Parc National de la Como : UN refuge pour des vautours en danger critique d'extinction en Afrique de l'ouest. Vulture news 72 (25-33).
Saidu, Y. and Buij. 2013. Traditional medecine trade in vulture parts in northern Nigeria. vulture news, 65: 4-14.
Thiollay. 2006. The decline of raptors in West Afrique: long-term assessment and the role of protected areas. Ibis, 148: 240-254.
Thiollay, J. M. 1978. Les migrations de rapaces en Afrique occidentale : Adaptations cologiques aux fluctuations saisonnières de production des cosystèmes. La terre et la vie : Revue d'Ecologie Applique, 32 : 89-133.
UICN (Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature). 2017. Rapport annuel de l'UICN. Gland, suisse.52p.
UICN. 2012. Catgories et critères de la liste rouge de l'UICN ; version 3.1. Deuxième dition.
Gland, suisse et Cambridge, Royaume-Uni : UICN.VI + 32p. Originalement publi en tant que IUCN red list categories and criteria : version 3.1/1 second edition. (Gland, Switzerland and cambridge, uk : iucn).
Wansang, D. 2020. Diversit, statut et distribution des oiseaux dans la rserve de forestière de Kalfou. Mmoire de Master, Universit de Maroua, Cameroun.
WWF-france. 2015. Impacts du changement climatique sur les espèces. Mathild Valingot, marielle chaumien christine sourd et piere cannet. wwf France, 1 carrefour de longchamp, 75016 paris. 23p.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Ghislain No Kougoum Piebeng, Gilbert Zechia Mofor, Simon Awafor Tamungang, Djekadjim Djekillamber, Wangsang Daksala, Muhammad Bilal, Alexis Teguia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
