DETERMINANTS OF CAREER CHANGE AMONG TEACHERS IN RURAL KENYA: THE CASE OF TANA RIVER COUNTY

Authors

  • Patrick Kiongo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47672/ajep.519

Keywords:

Career decision, Environment, Opportunity, Organizational factors, Personality

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of career change in rural schools. The study was based on the theory of occupational choice and career typology theory. From the context of the theories, the underlying determinants under investigation were categorized into environmental, organizational and individual factors.

Methodology:  The study applied both inferential and descriptive survey research.  Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to identify one hundred forty-seven (147) respondents from a study population of 1,555 teachers distributed in one hundred eighty-two public schools.  The study used questionnaire as key instrument to acquire primary data while desk review of reports and publications was applied for secondary data.

Findings: The study revealed that 55% of the respondents harbored plans to switch to other career later in life with individuality factors being the most significant compared to environmental and organizational factors which ranked second and third respectively.

Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: Educational institutions should therefore strive to achieve a sustainable balance between the teacher intrinsic and extrinsic influences in management of teacher career change. The findings of this study will illuminate policy assumptions behind different strategies used in efforts to alleviate problems associated with teacher's career change in rural areas. In addition, the affected teachers will have a common understanding of challenges affecting them and have a common voice in articulating their issues for policy consideration.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Patrick Kiongo

 

Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy and Management, KENYATTA UNIVERSITY, NAIROBI, KENYA

 

References

Anderson K., (1995). The use of a structured career development group to increase career identity. Journal of Career Development, 21 (4) (ERIC Document Reproduction No. EJ 504 417)

Bandura A., (1997). Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control. W.H. Freeman and Company: New York.

Bandura A., Barbaranelli C., Caprara G.V., & Pastorelli C., (2001). Self-efficacy beliefs as shapers of children's aspirations and career trajectories. Child Development, 187-206.

Boyd D., Lankford H., Loeb S., & Wyckoff J., (2005). The draw of home: How teachers"˜preferences for proximity disadvantage urban schools. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 24(1), 113-132.

Crouch, L and Perry, H (2003). Human Resources Development Review 2003: Education, Employment and kills in South Africa (Cape Town: HSRC Press, and East Lansing : Michigan tate University Press,)

Donald Kombo and Delno Tromp (2006). Proposal and Thesis Writing, An Introduction. Paulines Publication Africa

Dove L. A., (1980). "The role of the community school in rural transformation in developing countries'. Comparative Education.

Eppley, K. (2009). Rural schools and the highly qualified teacher provision of No Child Left Behind: A critical policy analysis. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 24(4). Retrieved from http://jrre.psu.edu/articles/24-4. pdf

Erden, Eskicumalı, A. (2002). Education, instruction and teaching profession. Introduction to the teaching profession. Ankara: Pegem A.

Erden, M. (1998). Introduction to teaching profession.

Farkas, S., Johnson, J., & Foleno, T. (2000). A sense of calling: Who teaches and why. New York: Public Agenda.

Ginzberg E., (1972). Toward a theory of occupational choice: A restatement. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 20, 169-176.

Hammer, P.C., Hughes, G., McClure, C., Reeves, C., & Salgado, D. (2005, December). Rural Teacher Recruitment and Retention Practices: A Review of the Research Literature, National Survey of Rural Superintendents, and Case Studies of Programs in Virginia. Nashville, TN: Edvantia.

Harris B., & Jones S., (1997). The parent's crash course in career planning. Lincolnwood, IL: VGM Career Horizons.

Higgins M.C., (2001). Changing careers: the effects of social context. Journal of Organizational Behavior, (22)595-618.

Holland J. L., (1996). The occupations finder. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Holland J., (1985). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments. (2nd ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Ingersoll, R.M. (2002). The teacher shortage: A case of wrong diagnosis and wrong prescription. NASSP Bulletin, 86(631), 16-31.

Johnson, S.M., & Birkeland, S.E. (2003). The schools that teachers choose. Educational Leadership, 60(8), 20-24.

Kennedy, M. M. (2008). Sorting out teacher quality. Phi Delta Kappan, 90(1), 59-63

Kerka S. (1997). Will we all be portfolio workers? ERIC/ACVE Publication. Retrieved June 19, 2002, from http://www.ericacve.org/docgen.asp?tbl=tia&ID=111

Kothari C. R., (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (2nd Ed.). New Delhi: New Age International limited.

Krecic, M. J. & Grmek, M. I. (2005). The reasons students choose teaching professions. Educational Studies. Vol. 31. No. 3. p. 265-274.

Kroll A., Dinklage L., Lee J., Morley E., & Wilson E., (2008). Career development. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, online publication

Kyriacou, C., Hultgren, A. & Stephens, P. (1999). Student teachers' motivation to become a secondary school teacher in England and Norway. Teacher Development, 3(3), 373-381.

Kyriacou, C., Kunc, R., Stephens, P. & Hultgren, A.G. (2003). Student teach-ers' expectations of teaching as a career in England and Norway. Educ. Rev., 55,255-263.

Lankard/Brown B., (1996a). Acquiring self-knowledge for career development. (ERIC Digest No.175), Retrieved June 18, 2002, from http://www.eriacve.org/docgen.asp?tbl=digests&ID=28

Liu, E., Kardos, S. M., Kauffman, D., Preske, H. G., & Johnson, S. M. (2000). Barely breaking even: Incentives, rewards, and the high costs of choosing to teach. Har-vard Graduate School of Education. http://www.gse.harvard.edu/wngt/Barely%20Breaking%20Even%200700.PDF

Luekens, M. T., Lyter, D. M., & Fox, E. F. (2004). Teacher attrition and mobility: Results from the teacher follow up survey,2000-2001. Education Statistics Quarterly,6(3),40-46

Makeo E.M. (2013). Student and Teacher Perceptions of Factors Influencing Students' Performance in KCSE Mathematics in Tana River County, Kenya.

Manuel, J. & Hughes, J. (2006). It has always been my dream: exploring pre-service for choosing to teach. Teacher Development. 10(1): 5 24.

Moran, A., Kilpatrick, R.,Abbott, L., Dallat, J. &McClune, B. (2001). Training to teach: Motivating factors and implications for recruitment, Evaluation and Research in Education 15.1,17-32.

Mugenda M. (2003). Business Research Methods. Nairobi: Salemi Publications.

National Association of State Boards of Education, NASBE, (2004). Teacher recruitment and retention: A survey of the rural landscape. Policy Update, 12(11),1-4.

National Commission's Site (1989). National commission for cooperative education. Retrieved June 14, 2002, from http://www.co-op.edu/further.html

Neapolitan J., (1980). Occupational change in mid-career: An exploratory investigation. Journal of Vocational Behavior (16)212-225.

Newson,G.(1993). Classes of the eighties. York PGCE mathematics students"”where are they now? Mathematics Education Review,2,pp. 21-27.

Oketch,M. &Ngware ,M.W (eds.) (2012). urbanization and Education in East n Africa: African Population and Health Research Center. ISBN 978-9966-21-175-0

Ondara, O. K. (2004). An investigation into job satisfaction among secondary school teachers: A case study of Borabu Division in Nyamira District, Kenya. Unpublished Master of Education Thesis, Kenyatta University.

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD (2005). Teachers matter education and training policy; attracting, developing and retaining effective teachers

Orodho J. A. (2004). Techniques of Writing Research Proposals and Reports in Education and Social Sciences. Nairobi: Masola Publishers

Orodho, A.J., Waweru, P.N., Getange,K.N & Miriti, J.M.(2013). Progress towards attainment of education for All (EFA) among nomadic pastoralists : Do home-based variables make a difference in Kenya? Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol3.No.21, 2013 pp54-67. www.iiste.org .

Osakinle E. O. and Adegoroye B. S., (2008). Vocational Guidance and Career Counselling. Goldprints Publishers, Lagos Nigeria.

Oyaro, K. (2008). Education-Kenya: Students Pour In, Teachers Drain Away: Inter Press Service News Agency. Retrieved April 18, 2011, from http://ipsnews.net/africa/nota.asp?idnews=42667.

Özsoy, G., Özsoy, S., Özkara, Y., Memiş, A.D. (2010). Factors affecting pre-service teachers' choice of teaching as a profession, Elementary Education Online 9.2,910-92. Retrieved February 12, 2010, from http://ilkogretimonline.org.tr/vol9say3/v9s3m7.doc

Ramsey, G. (2000). Quality Matters Revitalising teaching: Critical times, critical choices, Report of the Review of Teacher Education, NSW Department of Education and Training, Sydney, New South Wales.

Republic of Kenya (2012a). Sessional Paper No.14 of 2012 on realigning education and training to the Constitution of Kenya 2010 and Vision 2030 and beyond. Ministry of Education Science and Technology, Nairobi. Kenya

Republic of Kenya (2012b). A Policy Framework for re-aligning education to the Constitution 2010 and Vision 2030 and beyond.

Republic of Kenya/UNICEF (2012). Education for All (EFA) End of Decade Assessment (2001-2010). Ministry of Education and INICEF. Nairobi

Rots, I., A. Aelterman, G. Devos, and P. Vlerick. (2010). "Teacher Education and the Choice to Enter the Teaching Profession: A Prospective Study." Teaching and Teacher Education 26: 1619-1629.

Schwartzbeck, T.D., Prince, C. D., Redfield, D., Morris, H., & Hammer, P.C. (2003). How are Rural Districts Meeting the Teacher Quality Requirements of No Child Left Behind? Charleston, WV: Appalachia Educational Laboratory.

Sinclair, C. (2008). Initial and changing student teacher motivation and commitment to teaching. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 36(2), 79-104.

Skilbeck, M., & Connell, H. (2004). Teachers for the Future - The Changing Nature of Society and Related Issues for the Teaching Workforce. (A Report to Teacher Quality and Educational Leadership Taskforce for MCEETYA). Canberra: AGPS.

Smith, T., & Ingersoll, R. (2004). What are the effects of induction and mentoring on beginning teacher turnover? American Education Research Journal.

Spear, M., Gould, K. & Lee, B. (2000). Who would be a teacher? A Review of factors Motivating and Demotivating Prospective and Practising Teachers, Slough: NFER

Strunk K. L., & Robinson J. P., (2006). Oh, won"˜t you stay: A multilevel analysis of the difficulties in retaining qualified teachers. Peabody Journal of Education, 81(4), 65-94.

Tatto, M. T. (2007). Reforming teaching globally (Oxford Studies in Comparative Studies in Education). Oxford, UK: Symposium Books. Available online at http://www.symposium-books.co.uk/books/bookdetails.asp?bid=11

Taylor, A. (2006). Perceptions of prospective entrants to teacher education, Teaching and teacher Education 22, 451-464.

Thomson, M. M., J. E. Turner, and J. L. Nietfeld. (2012). "A Typological Approach to Investigate the Teaching Career Decision: Motivations and Beliefs about Teaching of Prospective Teacher Candidates." Teaching and Teacher Education 28: 324-335.

Tirop (2011). "Teaching is still the poorest paying jobs in Kenya." A report by Secondary School Headteachers"Ÿ Association Chairman.

Watt, H. M. G. & Richardson, P. W. (Guest Eds.). (2012). 'Teaching motivations in different countries: Comparisons using the FIT-Choice scale'. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 40(3).

Watt, H.M. G and Richardson, P.W. (2008). Motivations, perceptions, and aspirations concern in Teaching as a career for different types of beginning teachers. Learning and Instruction. 18(8): 408 428

Young D.J., Fraser B.J. and Woolnough B.E., (1997). Factors affecting Student career choice in science: An Australian study of rural and urban schools. Research in Science Education, 27(2): 195-214.

Downloads

Published

2020-06-27

How to Cite

Kiongo, P. (2020). DETERMINANTS OF CAREER CHANGE AMONG TEACHERS IN RURAL KENYA: THE CASE OF TANA RIVER COUNTY. American Journal of Education and Practice, 4(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.47672/ajep.519

Issue

Section

Articles