Effects of pH on Enzyme Activity in Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47672/jchem.2512Keywords:
pH, Enzyme ActivityAbstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effects of pH on enzyme activity in Pakistan.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: The study indicated that effects of pH on enzyme activity are significant because enzymes are highly sensitive to the pH levels in their environment. Each enzyme has an optimal pH at which it functions most efficiently. Deviations from this optimal pH can lead to a decrease in enzyme activity. At extreme pH levels, enzymes may become denatured, altering their structure and impairing their ability to bind to substrates. This is because changes in pH can affect the ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds within the enzyme, altering its active site. As a result, enzyme activity typically increases as the pH approaches the optimal level, and decreases when the pH moves away from this point. Therefore, maintaining proper pH levels is crucial for the effective functioning of enzymes in biological systems.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Lock and key model, induced fit theory and chemical equilibrium theory may be used to anchor future studies on the effects of pH on enzyme activity in Pakistan. In practical applications, industries utilizing enzymes should prioritize the implementation of rigorous pH monitoring and control systems to maintain optimal conditions for enzymatic activity. From a policy perspective, it is crucial for policymakers to establish clear guidelines governing the use of enzymes in industrial applications, with a particular emphasis on the importance of pH control in achieving optimal performance.
Downloads
References
Adeyemi, O. R., & Odukoya, A. A. (2021). Impact of enzyme application on composting of agricultural waste in Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 16(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2020.15058
Akoto, O., Osei-Fosu, P., & Owusu, A. (2021). Effect of enzyme-based fertilizers on crop yield in Ghana. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 16(3), 212-218. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2021.14578
Babatunde, A. I., & Adetutu, M. O. (2021). Sustainable practices in the Nigerian textile industry: The role of cellulase enzymes in cotton processing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 298, 126803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126803
Baker, J., & Menon, A. (2020). Enzyme activity in relation to pH: A study on amylase. Journal of Biochemistry, 167(5), 1251-1257. https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvaa064
Choudhury, A., & Sharma, R. (2021). Enzymes in sustainable agriculture: Their role in enhancing soil fertility and crop yield. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123932
Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy. (2021). Net zero strategy: Build back greener. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-strategy-build-back-greener
Future Market Insights. (2021). Enzymes market: Global industry analysis, size, share, growth, trends, and forecast 2021–2031. https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/enzymes-market
Grand View Research. (2021). Enzymes market size, share & trends analysis report by product (carbohydrases, proteases, lipases), by application (food & beverages, pharmaceuticals), by region, and segment forecasts, 2021 - 2028. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/enzymes-market
Huang, Y., & Li, Q. (2021). The effects of pH on invertase activity in sucrose hydrolysis. Biotechnology Reports, 31, e00651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00651
Kakooza, A., Mwesigye, F., & Rukundo, D. (2022). Enhancing biogas production from agricultural waste using cellulase enzymes in Uganda. Renewable Energy, 198, 611-617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.114
Lee, S. H., & Kim, Y. J. (2022). Lipase activity and its dependence on pH in biodiesel production. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 49(7), 879-888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-022-02647-y
Market Research Future. (2020). Enzyme market research report: Information by type, application, and region. https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/enzymes-market-1075
Market Research Future. (2021). Enzymes market: Global forecast till 2025. https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/enzymes-market-1075
Miller, A., & Green, T. (2023). The impact of pH on glucose oxidase activity. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 159, 110-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110117
Mkhize, S., Tavares, L. M., & Bischof, M. (2022). Advances in the use of cellulolytic enzymes for biofuel production in South Africa. Renewable Energy, 196, 765-773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.074
Mordor Intelligence. (2021). Enzymes market: Growth, trends, COVID-19 impact, and forecasts (2021 - 2026). https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/enzymes-market
Nguyen, H. T., & Tran, T. D. (2022). The impact of proteolytic enzymes on feed conversion efficiency in Vietnamese aquaculture. Aquaculture Research, 53(4), 932-940. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.15089
Otieno, C., Onyancha, O. B., & Wanyama, J. (2020). The impact of enzyme technology on the dairy industry in Kenya. African Journal of Food Science, 14(5), 99-108. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJFS2019.0882
Research and Markets. (2020). Enzymes market: Growth, trends, and forecasts (2020 - 2025). https://www.researchnreports.com/reports/Enzymes-Market-Growth-Trends-and-Forecasts-2020---2025-1208202
Smith, J., & Jones, A. (2020). Enzyme-based wastewater treatment: A sustainable solution for the UK. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(9), 6000-6007. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01722
Smith, R., & Jones, P. (2021). The influence of pH on pepsin activity in digestive processes. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(1), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14975
Tadesse, A., Getachew, B., & Abebe, Y. (2022). Application of amylase enzymes in Ethiopian brewing: Effects on yield and quality. African Journal of Food Science, 16(6), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJFS2022.0692
Williams, T., & Davis, M. (2019). The effect of pH on catalase activity during hydrogen peroxide decomposition. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 34(2), 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2018.1519932
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Nawaz Sharif
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.