Strategies Used by Adolescents to Curb Adolescent Pregnancy and Abortion: An Integrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47672/ejhs.2201Keywords:
Curbing Strategy, Adolescent, Adolescent Pregnancy, Adolescent Abortion, Integrative ReviewAbstract
Purpose: In spite growing recent attention on adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH), there is persistently high prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and abortion (ADOPA) & related consequences. Thus, this integrative literature review on “Strategies used by Adolescents to curb adolescent pregnancy and abortion” from 2000-2020. The general objective was to assess existing strategies used by Adolescents (ADOs) to curb ADOPA with the purpose of creating a better understanding it.
Materials and Methods: An integrative review was carried out using the theoretical model Toronto and Remington (2020). The review question was formulated, 75 included studies sourced from 9 data bases & others were systematically selected, reviewed guided by PRISMA, & their quality appraised by best fit standard tools. An inductive thematic analysis with mixed-methods synthesis was then done.
Findings: As key results, 65.3% (49) of studies were primary empirical & 34.7% (26) systematic review. Based on review questions, two main strategies were identified: research & outreach programs. Research implementation strategic component (IMSTRATCOM) was mainly Sexual and reproductive education (SRE). Six major strategies of outreach programs were identified constituting 35 specific programs. Most were complementary & multifaceted in their IMSTRATCOM. They include with components (in bracket) Sex & STIs/HIV Education (SRE); Protocols for Health Clinic Appointments & Supportive Activities (Curriculum development (CUD), SRE, Case management, peer educator training, employment & leadership, Collaboration, increasing access to RH services); Service Learning (CUD, SRE, peer monitoring, social worker supervision, Field work); Healing & Restauration (SRE, Coaching & resource referral, group therapy & Parent participation); Collaborative approach (CSE, community support & engagement, Increasing access to RH services); and Child Development & Aid/Motivation (cash transfers, school uniforms & contraception provision, paid employment, medical care, services to parents & community). Limitations of research & outreach programs were similar & include methodology problems; no stratification of ADOs in intervention & results; mostly late ADOs & females involved. Strategies exist that can successfully curb ADOPA. However, variability in study populations, interventions & outcomes, & paucity of studies for comparison renders difficult reliable conclusion on most effective strategy.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: High-quality research with their evaluation considering multicomponent be done; and permanent institutions for support of ASRH projects established.
Downloads
References
Agbor, V. N; Mbanga, C. M; & Njim, T. (2017). Adolescent deliveries in rural Cameroon: an 8-year trend, prevalence and adverse materno-foetal outcomes. Reproductive Health, 14 (122). DOI 10.1186/s12978-017-0382-6
Ahinkorah, B.O; Hagan, J. E; Seidu, A; Budu, E; Hormenu, T; Mintah, J. K; Sambah, F; & Schack, T. (2019). Access to Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Information and Services in Ghana: A Community-Based Case-Control Study. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00382.
Ako, S; Fokoua, S; Sinou, M. T & Leke, R. (2019). Reproductive health in Cameroon. WHO Collaborating Centre for Research in Human Reproduction. Geneva foundation for medical education and research (GFMER).
Alonso-Coello, P; Oxman, A. D; Moberg, J; Brignardello-Petersen, R; Akl, E. A, Davoli, M, et al.(2016). GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks: a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices; Clinical practice guidelines. BMJ Clinical research ed 353:i2089.
Amankwaa, G; Abass, K; Gyasi1, R. M. (2017). In-school adolescents’knowledge, access to and use of sexual and reproductive health services in Metropolitan Kumasi, Ghana(Urban). Journal of Public health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-017-0883-3
Armijo-Olivo, S., Stiles, C. R., Hagen, N. A., Biondo, P.D., Cummings, G.G. (2012). Assessment of study quality for systematic reviews: a comparison of the cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool and the effective public health practice project quality assessment tool: methodological research. J Eval Clin Pract, 2012;18(1):12-8.
Arpaporn, P; Thammaraksa, P; Manora, S. (2017). Culturally-grounded mother–daughter Communication-focused intervention for thai female adolescents. Nursing and Health Sciences. DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12404
Atanga, V. M; Nkoum, A. B ; Doh, A. (2015). Quality of Parent-child communication on sexual and reproductive health: The case of Nkoldogo-Yaounde.Masters’ Thesis. ESS/UCAC.
Atuhaire, S. (2019). Abortion Among Adolescents in Africa: A Review Of Practices, Consequences, And Control Strategies. DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2842.
Aventin, Á; Gough, A; McShane, T; Gillespie, K; O’Hare, L; Young, H; Lewis, R; Warren, E; Buckley, K; & Lohan, M. (2020). Engaging parents in digital sexual and reproductive health education: evidence from the JACK trial. Reproductive Health, 17,132 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-020-00975-y.
Bain, L.E; Zweekhorst, M.B.M; Amoakoh-Coleman, M; Muftugil-Yalcin, S; Omolade, A. I; Becquet, R & Buning, T. (2019). To keep or not to keep? Decision making in adolescent pregnancies in Jamestown, Ghana. PLoS ONE 14(9): e0221789. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221789
Baku, E.A; Agbemafle, I, Kotoh, A. M & Richard, Adanu, M. K. (2018). Parents’ Experiences and Sexual Topics Discussed with Adolescents in the Accra Metropolis, Ghana: A Qualitative Study. Hindawi Advances in Public Health Volume. ID 5784902, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5784902
Balshem, H; Helfand, M; Sch€unemann, H. J; Oxman, A. D; Kunz, R; Brozek, J; Vist, G.E; Falck Y; Meerpohl, J; Norris, S; Guyatt, H. H. (2011). GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 64, 401-406
Barnet, B; Liu, J; DeVoe, M; Duggan, A. K; Gold, M. A, Pecukonis, E.(2009). Motivational intervention to reduce rapid subsequent births to adolescent mothers: a community based randomized trial. Ann Fam Med,7(5):436-445
Barnet, B; Rapp, T; DeVoe, M; Mullins, D. (2010). Cost-effectiveness of a Motivational Intervention to Reduce Rapid Repeated Childbearing in High-Risk Adolescent Mothers. A Rebirth of Economic and Policy Considerations. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 164(4):370-376.
Bhalla, S. (2007). Positive Parenting - Parent-Child Communication: Raising Great Teens: Parent Teen Relationships. Children’s Trust Fund of Massachusettes. One Tough Job.org
Black et al (2006). Delaying second births among adolescent mothers: a randomized, Controlled trial of a home-based mentoring program. PEDIATRICS Volume 118, (4),
Black, M.M; Bentley, M. E; Papas, M. A; Oberlander, S; Teti, M. L. O; McNary, S; Le, K; Mac, M.O. (2006). Delaying second births among adolescent mothers: a randomized, controlled trial of a home-based mentoring program. PEDIATRICS, 118 (4). doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2318
Boislard, M.A; Bongardt, V; Blais, M.(2016). Sexuality (and lack there of) in Adolescence and early adulthood: a review of the literature. Behav. Sci. 6, 8.
Bouris, A., Guilamo-Ramos, V., Jaccard, J., McCoy, W., Aranda, D., Pickard, A & Boyer, C. (2010). The Feasibility of a Clinic-Based Parent Intervention to Prevent HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Unintended Pregnancies Among Latino and African American Adolescents. AIDS PATIENT CARE and STDs, 24, (6), Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/apc.2009.0308
Bridges, E and Hauser, D. (2014). Sexuality Education. Advocates for Youth. http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/parents-sex-ed-center-home.
Brindis, C.D; Decker, M. J; Gutmann-Gonzalez, A; Berglas, N. F. (2020). Perspectives on Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Strategies in the United States: Looking Back, Looking Forward. Adolescent Health, Medicine, and Therapeutics 2020:11 135–145.
Brinkman et al. (2016). Efficacy of infant simulator programs to prevent teenage pregnancy: a school-based cluster randomised controlled trial in Western Australia.
Brinkman, S. A; Johnson, S. E; Codde, J. P; Hart, M. B; Straton,J. A; Mittinty,M. N; &Silburn, S. R. (2016). Efficacy Of Infant Simulator Programmes To Prevent Teenage Pregnancy: A School-Based Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial In Western Australia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(16)30384-1.
Brown et al (2011). Improving adolescent contraceptive use: Evaluation of a theory-driven classroom-based intervention. Health & Medicine. Britain.
Cederbauma, J. A; Hutchinson, M. K. (2016). Parent–child communication about abstinence and safer sex in parochial school families. Journal Of Hiv/Aids & Social Service,15 (1), 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15381501.2014.973135.
Child Development Institute. (2013). Guidelines For Parent-Child Communication. Author. Coyle, K.K; Kirby, D.B; Marín, B.V; Gómez, C.A; & Gregorich, S.E. (2005). Draw the
contraception among adolescents in Ireland: findings from the Health Behaviour in School aged Children (HBSC) Ireland study. BMC Public Health,18, 362 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5217-z
Cumber, S. N; Tsoka- Gwegweni, J. M (2016). Knowledge and practice of condom use as well as perceived barriers among street adolescents in Cameroon. S Afr J HIV Med.;17(1), a479. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ sajhivmed.v17i1.479.
Darroch, J; Woog, V; Bankole, A; Ashford, L. S. (2016). Adding It Up: Cost And Benefits Of Meeting The Contraceptive Needs Of Adolescents. Guttmacher Institute.
Dearholt, L. S; Dang, D. (2012). John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-based Practice: Model and Guidelines. 2nd Edition. Sigma Theta Tau International honor society of nursing & Institute for John Hopkins Nursing. USA. ISBN-13: 978-1-935476-59-7
Decat, O; De Meyer, S; Jaruseviciene, L; Orozco,M; Ibarra,M; Segura,Z; Medina,J; Vega, B; Michielsen, K; Temmerman, M & Degomme, O. (2015). Sexual onset and contraceptive use among adolescents from poor neighbourhoods in Managua, Nicaragua. The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care, (20): 88–100
Dela, C. C; & Gross J. J. (2017). An integrative literature review framework for Postgraduate nursing research reviews. European journal of research in Medical Sciences, 5(1).
Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples (EDS-MICS) 2011. http://dhsprogram.com/ publications/publication-fr260-dhs-final-reports.cfm International Initiative for Impact Evaluation [3ie] (2016). Adolescent sexual andReproductive Health.
Denno et al (2015). Effective Strategies to Provide Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Services and to Increase Demand and Community Support. Journal of Adolescent Health 56, S22eS41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.012
Denno, D.M; Hoopes, A. J; & Chandra-Mouli, V. (2015). Effective Strategies to Provide Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Services and to Increase Demand and Community Support. Journal of Adolescent Health 56, S22eS41.
DiCenso, A; Guyatt, G; Willan, A; Griffith, L. (2002). Interventions to reduce unintended. pregnancies among adolescents: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 324.
Diop N, Bathidja H, Touré ID, et al (2004). Improving the reproductive health of adolescents in Senegal.Frontiers in Reproductive Health. New York: Population Council.
Doniger, A. S; Adams, E; Utter, C. A; & Riley, J. S. (2010). Impact Evaluation of the "Not Me, Not Now" Abstinence-Oriented, Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Communications Program, Monroe County, New York. Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives, 6 (1), 45-60. DOI: 10.1080/10810730150501404. Taylor and Francis group.
Duflo, E; Dupas, P, Kremer, M. (2014). Education, HIV, and early fertility: experimental Evidence from Kenya. National Bureau of Economic Research. No. w20784: http://www.nber.org/papers/w20784.pdf.
Essome, H; Eposse, E. C; Kedy, K. D.C; Egbe, O.T; Halle, E.G; Nana, N. T; Boten, M; Tocki, T. G; Penda, I. C; & Foumane P. (2020). Adolescent sexuality: practices and contraceptive problems in Douala. Obstetrics & Gynaecology International Journal,11(4). 267‒273
Evans, R; Widman, L; Kamke,K & Stewart, J. L. (2019). Gender differences in parents’ Communication with their adolescent children about sexual risk and sex-positive topics, The Journal of Sex Research, DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1661345
Every Woman Every Child (2015). The Global Strategy For Women’s, Children’s And Adolescent’s Health (2016-2030). Geneva.
Graham, A; Moore, L; Sharp, D; & Diamond, I. (2002). Improving teenagers' knowledge of emergency contraception: cluster randomised controlled trial of a teacher led intervention. BMJ, 324, 1179.
Gutmacher Institute; Bearak J et al (2020). Unintended pregnancy and abortion by income, region, and the legal status of abortion: estimates from a comprehensive model for 1990–2019. Lancet Global Health, 8(9).
Guyatt, G. H, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Vist GE, Liberati A, et al. (2008). Going from evidence to recommendations. BMJ (Clinical research ed), 336(7652), 1049-51
Guyatt, G; Oxman, A. D, Sultan, S; Brozek, J; Glasziou, P, Alonso-Coello, P, et al. (2013). GRADE guidelines: 11. Making an overall rating of confidence in effect estimates for a single outcome and for all outcomes. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 66(2),151-7
Haberland N, Rogow D. (2015) Sexuality education: Emerging trends in evidence and practice. J Adolesc Health, 56: S15e21
Hadley, A; Ingham, R; & Chandra-Mouli, V. (2016). Implementing the United Kingdom’s ten year teenage pregnancy strategy for England (1999-2010): How was this done and what did it achieve?. Reproductive Health, (13),139. DOI 10.1186/s12978-016-0255-4
Handa S, Peterman A, Huang C, et al (2015). Impact of the Kenya cash transfer for orphans and vulnerable children on early pregnancy and marriage of adolescent girls. Soc Sci Med ,141, 36e45.
Hardee K, Newman K, Bakamjian L, Kumar J, Harris S., et al (2013). “Voluntary Family Planning Programs that Respect, Protect, and Fulfill Human Rights: A Conceptual Framework.” Futures Group.
Heinrich, C. J; Brill, R. (2015). Stopped in the name of the law: Administrative burden and its implications for cash transfer program effectiveness. World Development 72, 277e95.
Heller, R. F; Verma, A; Gemmell, I; Harrison, R; Hart, J; Edwards, R. (2008). Critical appraisal for public health: A new checklist. Public Health, 122, 92–98. The Royal Institute of Public Health. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.04.012
Henderson et al (2006). Impact of a theoretically based sex education program (SHARE) delivered by teachers on NHS registered conceptions and terminations: final results of cluster randomized trial. BMJ publishing group. doi:10.1136/bmj.39014.503692.55. INS/Cameroun IN de la Santé, International ICF (2017). Cameroun Enquête
Henri, E., Charlotte, E.E., Thomas, E.O., Kedy Koum, D.C., Gregory, H.E., Theophile, N.N., Calixte, P.I.., Merlin, B., Grace, T.T. and Pascal, F. (2020). Adolescent Pregnancy: Epidemiological Survey in Schools and Obstetrical Outcomes in Douala (Cameroon). Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10, 1163-1175.
Hindin, M, J; Kalamar, A. M; Thompson, T & Upadhyay, U. D. (2016). Interventions to Prevent Unintended and Repeat PregnancyAmong Young People in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of the Published and GrayLiterature. Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.04.021
Hindin, M, J; Kalamar, A. M; Thompson, T; and Upadhyay, U.D. (2016). Interventions to sexual issues in Zambia: a cross sectional study of adolescent girls and them parents. BMC Public Health; 20, (1120). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09218-y
Hopia H, Latvala E, Liimatainen L (2016) Reviewing the methodology of an integrative review. Scand J Caring Sci 30, 662–669.
Isaksen, K. J; Musonda, P; & Sandøy, I. F. (2020). Parent-child communication about
Jennings et al (2014). Effects Of A School-Based Sexuality Education Program On Peer. Oxford University press.
Jewell, S. T; Fowler, S; Foster, M. J. (2017). Identifying the studies, part 2: beyond database searching. In: Foster MJ, Jewell ST (eds) Assembling the pieces of a systematic review: a guide for librarians. Rowan & Littlefield, Lanham, MD, pp 85–97
Joffe, H; & Yardley, L. (2004). Content And Thematic Analysis. Research Methods For Clinical And Health Psychology. Sage.
Jonas, K; Crutzen, R; Borne, B; & Reddy, P. (2017). Healthcare workers’ behaviors and personal determinants associated with providing adequate sexual and reproductive healthcare services in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17(86). DOI 10.1186/s12884-017-1268-x.
Jonas, K; Crutzen, R; Krumeich, A; Roman, N; Borne, B & Reddy, P. (2018). Healthcare workers’ beliefs, motivations and behaviours affecting adequate provision of sexual and reproductive healthcare services to adolescents in Cape Town, South Africa: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 18, 109 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-2917-0.
Kassa, G.M; Arowojolu, A. O; Odukogbe, A. A; & Yalew, A. W. (2018). Prevalence and determinants of adolescent pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Reproductive Health,15, 195. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-018-0640-2
Keogh, S.C; Stillman, M; Awusabo-Asare, K; Sidze, E; MonzoÂn, A.S; Motta, A; & Leon, E. (2018). Challenges to implementing national comprehensive sexuality education curricula in low- and middle-income countries: Case studies of Ghana, Kenya, Peru and Guatemala. PLoS ONE 13 (7), e0200513. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0200513
Kirby, D. (2002). Effective approaches to reducing adolescent unprotected sex, pregnancy, and childbearing, Journal of Sex Research, 39:1,51-57, DOI: 10.1080/00224490209552120
Kirstin, A. S; Fletcher, M. A; Peter, P. J; & Bonell, K. C.(2016). Young women’s lived experience of participating in a positive youth development Programme. Health Education,116 (4), 356 – 371 Emerald insight (publisher). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/HE-01-2015-0002
Kogan, S.M; Yu, T; Brody, G. H; Chen, Y; DiClemente, R. J; Wingood, G. M; & Corso, P.S. (2012). Integrating Condom Skills In to Family-Centered Prevention: Efficacy of the Strong African American Families–Teen Program (SAAF-T). Journal of Adolescent Health, (51), 164–170. Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Office of Population.
Layu, D; Sama, D. J; Tsoka-Gwegweni, J. M; & Cumber, S.N. (2018). Factors associated with adolescent school girl’s pregnancy in Kumbo East Health District North West region Cameroon. Pan African Medical Journal, 31(138). doi:10.11604/pamj.2018.31.138.16888
Line/Respect the Line: A Randomized Trial of a Middle School Intervention to Reduce Sexual Risk Behaviors. American Journal of Public Health Vol 94, No. 5
Liu,T; Fuller, J; Hutton, A and Grant,J. (2017). Consequence-based communication about adolescent romantic experience between parents and adolescents: A qualitative study underpinned by social constructionism. Nursing and Health Sciences.
Lohan, M; Cruise, S; O’Halloran, P; Alderdice, F; & Hyde, A. (2010). Adolescent Men’s Attitudes in Relation to Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature From 1980–2009. Journal of Adolescent Health, 47, 327–345.
Macintyre, A. K-J; Vega, A. R. M; & Sagbakken, M. (2015). From disease to desire, pleasure to the pill: A qualitative study of adolescent learning about sexual health and sexuality in Chile. BMC Public Health,15, 945. DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-2253-9. Elsevier Inc.
Malek, K. A; Abdul-Razak, S; Hassan, H. A; & Othman,S. (2019). Managing adolescent pregnancy: The unique roles and challenges of private general practitioners in Malaysia. Malays Fam Physician, 14,(3), 37–45.
Manlove, J; Terry-Humen, E; M.P.P., Papillo, A,R: Franzetta,K; Williams, S and Ryan, S (2002). Preventing Teenage Pregnancy, Childbearing, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases: What the Research Shows. Child research Brief. John S and James L Knight foundation.
Mba, C. I; Obi, S. N; & Ozumba, B. C. (2007). The impact of health education on reproductive health knowledge among adolescents in a rural Nigerian community . Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 7(5): 513 – 517
Mbizvo, M. T; Zaidi, S. (2010). Addressing critical gaps in achieving universal access to Sexual and reproductive health (SRH): The case for improving adolescent SRH, preventing unsafe abortion, and enhancing linkages between SRH and HIV interventions. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.04.001.
Mitchell et al (2017). Self-Efficacy About Sexual Risk/Protective Behaviors: Intervention Impact Trajectories Among American Indian Youth. Journal Of Research On Adolescence. Society on Research on adolescents, 1–8. DOI: 10.1111/jora.12308
Moher, D; Shamseer, L; Clarke, M; Ghersi, D; Liberati, A; Petticrew, M. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews, 4, (1). Paul Shekelle5, Lesley A Stewart6 and PRISMA-P Group.
Morrison-Beedy et al (2013). Reducing Sexual Risk Behavior in Adolescent Girls: Results from Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Adolescent Health.
Mueller, T; Tevendale, H. Fuller, T. R; House, L. D; Romero, L. M; Brittain, A; Varanasi, B. (2017). Teen Pregnancy Prevention: Implementation of a Multicomponent, Community-Wide Approach. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60, S9eS17.
Ngowa, K. D. J; Neng, H. T; Domgue, J. F ; Nsahlai, C. J ;& Kasia, J.M. (2015). Voluntary induced abortion in Cameroon; prevalence: prevalence, Reasons and Complications. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,05(09), ID:59089,5 pages 10.4236/ojog.2015.59069
Njim, T & Agbor, V. N. (2017). Adolescent deliveries in semi‑urban Cameroon: prevalence and adverse neonatal outcomes. BMC Res Notes,10 (227) DOI 10.1186/s13104-017-2555-3 National Institute of Statistics (Cameroon) & ICF (2020). 2018 Cameroon DHS Summary Report. NIS and ICF.
Nkhoma, D. E; Lin,C; Katengeza,H. L; Soko, C. J; Estinfort,W; Wang,Y ; Juan,S; Jian,W & Iqbal, U. (2020). Girls’ empowerment and adolescent pregnancy: a systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1664; doi:10.3390/ijerph17051664.
Nove, A; Matthews, Z; Neal, S; et al. Maternal mortality in adolescents compared with Women of other ages: Evidence from 144 countries. The Lancet Glob Health, 2:e155e64.
O’Donnell et al (2002). Long-Term Reductions in Sexual Initiation and Sexual Activity Among Urban Middle Schoolers in the Reach for Health Service Learning Program (RFH CYS intervention). Journal of Adolescent Health
OAH & OPA (2019a). OAH Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program Successful Strategies. Hartford Teen Pregnancy Prevention Initiative (HTPPI).
OAH (2017). OAH TEEN PREGNANCY PREVENTION PROGRAM: Delta Health Alliance: Delta Futures Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program.
OAH (2017). OAH TEEN PREGNANCY PREVENTION PROGRAM: Delta Health Alliance: Delta Futures Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program.
OAH (2018a). OAH Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES: Fathers Raising Responsible Men. NewYork University
OAH and EngenderHealth (2015): Success Story: EngenderHealth: Gender Matters: Changing Teen’s Perspective on Gender Roles and Working to Decrease Teen Pregnancy in Travis County, Texas.
OAH. (2018b). OAH Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program. Successful Strategies. Healthy Futures of Texas. Big Decisions.
Ochiogu, I. N; Miettola, J; Ilika, A.L; & Vaskilampi, T. (2010). Impact of Timing of Sex Education on Teenage Pregnancy in Nigeria: Cross-sectional Survey of Secondary School Students . J Community Health, (36), 375–380. DOI 10.1007/s10900-010-9318-6
Odimegwu et al (2016). Factors Associated with Teen Pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: A Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Study. J Reprod Health.
O'Donnell, L., Stueve, A., O'Donnell, C, Duran, R., Doval, A. S., Wilson, R. F., Haber, D., Perry, E., & Pleck, J. H. (2000). Long-Term Reduction in Sexual Initiation And Sexual Activity Among Urban Middle School Participants In The Reach For Health Community Youth Service Learning HIV Prevention Program.
OPA & OAH. (2019). OAH Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program: Successful Strategies: Health Care Education and Training (HCET); The HCET Clinton County Youth RISE! Project; OPA and OAH. USA.
OPA (2019). OPA Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES. Deceptions Program. Northwest Family Services.
Oringanje, C; Meremikwu, M. M; Eko, H; Esu, E; Meremikwu, A; Ehiri, J. E. (2016). Interventions for preventing unintended pregnancies among adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, No. CD005215,(2). DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005215.pub3. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pacheco,J & Kreitzer, R. (2016). Adolescent Determinants of Abortion Attitudes: Evidence from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 80 (1), 66-89, https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfv050
Philliber S, Kaye J, Herrling S (2002), West E. Preventing pregnancy and improving health care access among teenagers: an evaluation of the Children’s Aid Society-Carrera programme. Perspec Sex Reprod Health, (34), 244-51.
Philliber, S. (2015). Evaluating Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs: Decades of Evolving Strategies and Practices. Societies, 5, 631-645; doi:10.3390/soc5030631
Philliber, S., Kaye, J. W., Herring, S., & West, E. (2000). Preventing Teen Pregnancy: An Evaluation of the Children's Aid Society Carrera Program. Accord, Philliber Research Associates.
Philliber, S., Kaye, J., & Herrling, S. (2001). The National Evaluation of the Children's Aid Society Carrera-Model Program to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. Accord, Philliber Research Associates.
Phillips, S. J; & Mbizvo, M. T. (2016). Empowering adolescent girls in Sub-Saharan Africa to prevent unintended pregnancy and HIV: A critical research gap. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 132;1–3.
Prevent unintended and repeat pregnancy among young people in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the published and gray literature. Journal of Adolescent Health 59, S8eS15. Elsevier
Ramraj T, Jackson D, Dinh T, Olorunju S, Lombard C, Sherman G, et al (2018). Adolescent access to care and risk of early mother-to-child HIV transmission. J Adolesc Health. 62:434–43.
Riquelme, R; Aranda,W; & García, C (2005). Adolescent pregnancy prevention: an abstinence centered randomized controlled intervention in a Chilean public high school. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36, 64–69.
Rose & Garrett. (2016). Post-abortion initiation of long-acting reversible contraception by Adolescent and nulliparous women in New Zealand. Journal of Adolescent Health.
Saada et al (2019). Sexual and reproductive health communication intervention for caretakers of adolescents: a quasi-experimental study in Unguja- Zanzibar. Journal: Reproductive Health, 16, 92.
Salam, R.A; Faqqah, A; Sajjad, N; Lassi, Z. S; Das, J. K; Kaufman, M; Bhutta, Z. A. (2016). Improving Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Systematic Review of Potential Interventions. Journal of Adolescent Health 59, S11eS28.
Sámano, R; Martínez-Rojano, H; Robichaux, D; Rodríguez-Ventura, A. L ; Sánchez Jiménez, B; Hoyuela, M; Godínez1, E; & Segovia, S. (2017). Family context and individual situation of teens before, during and after pregnancy in Mexico City. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth; 17, 382 DOI 10.1186/s12884-017-1570-7
Santelli, J.S, Lowry R, Brener ND, Robin L. (2000). The association of sexual behaviors with socioeconomic status, family structure, and race/ethnicity among US adolescents. Am J Public Health 90, 1582-8
Schools And Universities In Cameroon. Deliberative Dialogue 2. Centre For The Development Of Best Practices In Health (CDBPS-H). Netherlands’s Organisation For Scientific Research And KT Supporting Research Use.
Sedgh, G., Finer, L. B., Bankole, A., Eilers, M. A., & Singh, S. (2015). Adolescent pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates across countries: Levels and recent trends. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56, 223–230. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.007
Sherris J, Bingham A, Burns MA, Girvin S, Westley E, Gomez PI. Misoprostol use in developing countries: results from a multicountry study. Int J Gynecol Obstet, 88(1):76 –81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2004.09.006 .
Siemieniuk, R and Guyatt, G. (2020). BMJ best practice: What is GRADE? BMJ Publishing Group Limited.
Sieving et al (2011). Prime Time: 12-Month Sexual Health Outcomes of a Clinic-based Intervention to Prevent Pregnancy Risk Behaviors. Journal of Adolescent Health.
Stephenson et al (2008). The Long-Term Effects Of A Peer-Led Sex Education Program (RIPPLE): A Cluster Randomised Trial In Schools In England.
Stover, J; Hardee, K; Ganatra, B; Moreno, C. G; and Horton, S. (2016). Interventions to Improve Reproductive Health. In Black, R. E; Laxminarayan, R; Temmerman,M; Walker,N. (2016). Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health. Disease Control Priorities, 3rd ed, Volume 2. (DCP3 series). World bank.
Strunk, J. A. (2016). The effect of school-based health clinics on teenage pregnancy and Parenting outcomes: an integrated literature review. The Journal of School Nursing, 24,(1). DOI: 10.1622/1059-8405(2008)024[0013:TEOSHC]2.0.CO;2
Tamambang, R. F; Njim, T; Njie, A. E; Mbuagbaw, L; Mafuta, A; Tchana,M; & Choukem, S (2018). Adolescent deliveries in urban Cameroon: a retrospective analysis of the prevalence, 6-year trend and adverse outcomes. BMC Research Notes,11, (469)
Tanner et al (2012). Engaging Vulnerable Adolescents in a Pregnancy Prevention Program: Perspectives of Prime Time Staff. Journal of pediatric healthcare.
Tebeu, P.M., Belinga, E., Halle. E. G-E; Mossiang, L., Ekono, M.R; & Mbu, E. R. (2017). Teenage Pregnancy Outcomes In Teaching Hospitals In Yaoundé. International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 6 (4), 3206-3208. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2017. 3208.0226.
Toronto, C. E; Remington, R. (2020). A Step-by-Step Guide to Conducting an Integrative Review. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020. ISBN 978-3-030-37503-4 ISBN 978-3-030-37504-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37504-
Tran, N. T; Portela, A; de Bernis, L; & Beek,K. (2014.) Developing Capacities of Community Health Workers in Sexual and Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health: A Mapping and Review of Training Resources. PLoS ONE, 9,(4), e94948. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094948. Open Acess.
Tyndall, J. (2013). Grey Literature for Health, a vital resource. Flinders University.
Tyndall, J. AACODS Checklist. Flinders University, 2010. http://dspace.flinders.edu.au/dspace/
UNFPA (2003). Improving Quality of reproductive Health for young people. New perspective on Qulity of Care, (4), 1-7
UNFPA (2013). Motherhood in childhood. Facing the challenge of adolescent pregnancy estimate of the world population report. UNFPA.
UNFPA (2015). Girlhood, Not Motherhood: Preventing Adolescent Pregnancy.
UNICEF (2013). Ending child marriage: progress and prospects. New York.
UNICEF (2022a). Adolescents: Investing in a safe, healthy and productive transition from childhood to adulthood is critical.
UNICEF (2022b). Early Childbearing: Early childbearing can have severe consequences for adolescent girls.
UNICEF and WHO (2002). Antenatal Care in Developing Countries Promises, achievements and missed opportunities: An analysis of trends, levels, and differentials, 1990-2001.
Villar J et al (2001). For the WHO Antenatal Care Trial Research Group. WHO antenatal care randomised trial for the evaluation of a new model of routine antenatal care. The Lancet, , 357:1551-1564.
Vogel, J. P; Habib, N. A; Souza, J. P; Gülmezoglu, A. M ; Dowswell, T ; Carroli, G ; et al. Antenatal care packages with reduced visits and perinatal mortality: a secondary analysis of the WHO Antenatal Care Trial. Reproductive Health, 10(1),19. doi:10.1186/1742-4755-10-19.
Whittemore, R; Knafl K. (2005). The integrative review: updated methodology. J Adv Nurs 52,(5):546–553. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x.
WHO (2001). Antenatal care randomized trial: manual for the implementation of the new model. WHO/RHR/01.30. Geneva, WHO.
WHO (2011). Preventing Early Pregnancy And Poor Reproductive Outcomes Among Adolescents In Developing Countries.
WHO (2012). Introduction to Adolescence & To Adolescent Health Training Course In Sexual And Reproductive Health Research.
WHO (2016). Adolescent pregnancy. WHO. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs364/en/
WHO (2016). Global Health Estimates 2015: Deaths By Cause, Age, Sex, By Country And By Region, 2000-2015. World Health Organization.
WHO (2016). Maternal mortality: fact sheet. Geneva: World Health Organization. (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/en/index.html.
WHO (2017). Adolescents: Health Risks and Solutions. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs345/en/
WHO (2017). Great Expectations: Making Pregnancy Safer. The World Health Report 2005.
WHO (2018). WHO Recommendations: Intrapartum Care For A Positive Childbirth Experience ISBN 978-92-4-155021-5.
WHO (2018a). Adolescent Health. Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health. https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/adolescence/en/
WHO (2018b). Adolescent Pregnancy. Fact Sheets 2018 12/2018. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-pregnancy
WHO (2021). Induced Abortion Methods. Emedicine Health. Www. Emedicinehealth.Com. Definition Of Parents And Related Variations In Child Welfare
WHO; UNFPA (2012). Preventing Early Pregnancy And Poor Reproductive Outcomes Among Adolescents In Developing Countries: What The Evidence Says. WHO/FWC/MCA/12/02:
WHO; UNFPA, IPPF, Gutmacher institute, International center for research on, women, United states agency for international development (2011). WHO Guidelines On Preventing Early Pregnancy And Poor Reproductive Outcomes Among Adolescents In Developing Countries. WHO Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent HealthWHO Press.
WHO; USAID; Maternal and Child Survival Program (2018). WHO Recommendations On Antenatal Care For A Positive Pregnancy Experience: Summary Highlights And Key Messages From The World Health Organization’s 2016 Global Recommendations For Routine Antenatal Care.
Wight D, Williamson L, Henderson M. (2006). Parental influences on young people’s sexual behaviour: a longitudinal analysis. J Adolesc, 29:473-94.
Wight, D; Raab, G.M; Henderson, M; Abraham, C; Buston, K; Hart, G; & Scott, S. (2006). Limits of teacher delivered sex education: interim behavioural outcomes from randomised trial. BMJ,324, 1430.
Wirsiy, F. S. (2019). Adolescent Pregnancy in Cameroon: A Five Year Retrospective Chart Review to Determine its Prevalence. J Womens Health Dev, 2, (3), 068-075. DOI: 10.26502/fjwhd.2644-2884009
Wirsiy, S. F. (2019). Adolescent pregnancy in cameroon: a five year retrospective chart Review to determine its prevalence. J Womens Health Dev, 2 (3), 068-075. DOI: 10.26502/fjwhd.2644-2884009.
World Health Organization (2016) Maternal mortality: fact sheet. Geneva: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/en/index.html.
Yibrehu, M. S; & Mbwele, B. (2020). Parent - adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health: the qualitative evidences from parents and students of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Reproductive Health,17,78 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-020-00927-6.
Yoo et al (2004). A Qualitative Evaluation of the Students of Service (SOS) Program for Sexual Abstinence in Louisiana. J of Sch Health.
Yoo, S; Johnson, C. C; Rice, J; & Manuel, P. (2004). A qualitative evaluation of the students Of service (sos) program for sexual abstinence in louisiana. J Sch Health, 74, (8),329-334.
Young, H, Burke, L; & Gabhainn, S. N. (2018). Sexual intercourse, age of initiation and
Zogo, O.P; Nsangu, M. M. (2018a). Deliberative Forum on Priorities In Terms Of SRHA In Cameroon On April 13th 2018 At The Benedictins Monastery Of Yaounde. Centre For The Development Of Best Practices In Health (CDBPS-H). Netherlands’s Organisation For Scientific Research And KT Supporting Research Use.
Zogo, O.P; Nsangu, M. M. (2018b). Promotion Of Sexual and Reproductive Health In
Zolten, K and Long, N. (2014). Parent-Child Communication. US. Center for Effective Parenting.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Atanga Vivian Manka’ah, Socpa Antoine, Mary Bi Suh Atanga, Ginyu Innocentia Kwalar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
