Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Sudan and Its Impact on Visual Acuity

Abstract

Purpose: Despite being a self-limiting allergy disorder, vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) can potentially cause severe problems, including blindness, if not properly treated. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the effect of VKC on the visual acuity of patients.

Materials and Methods: We conducted this prospective descriptive study between January 1, 2023, and April 20, 2024.So, all children with spring catarrh symptoms and signs were examined at Dr. Khalil's ophthalmology center (240 patients), including the cornea, bulbar, and palpebral conjunctiva, visual acuity was measured, visual impairment was classified by WHO, and structured questionnaires were completed. The study excludes children under the age of four years and those over the age of eighteen years.

Findings:  A total of 240 patients participated in this assessment, with an average age of 10 years. The male to female ratio for the age of disease beginning was 2.10:100. The mean age of onset was 5 years. The occurrence of this phenomenon is more prevalent in the younger age group compared to the older age group, with a ratio of 1.40 to 1.00. We have observed that a condition recurs in 85% of patients. The illness affects both eyes in 97% of the individuals. Regarding visual acuity, the majority of patients exhibit normal or reduced visual acuity, accounting for 81.6%, while the remaining 15% experience substantial visual impairment. 2.1% of patients were found to have severe visual impairment, while 1.3% were diagnosed 

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: VKC, is a prevalent disease in Sudan. It often affects both eyes and is more common in males than females. VKC tends to occur at a young age and often recurs in patients. Additionally, it can lead to severe consequences that result in a decline in visual acuity in over 18% of patients. Children with VKD should undergo continuous screening for their visual acuity.