Association between Dietary Patterns and Obesity Rates in Africa

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the association between dietary patterns and obesity rates in Africa.

Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.

Findings: The study suggests that diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins are inversely correlated with obesity prevalence. These patterns, often referred to as "healthy" or "Mediterranean" diets, are associated with lower body mass index (BMI) and reduced risk of obesity-related diseases. Conversely, diets high in processed foods, sugars, and saturated fats exhibit a positive correlation with obesity rates. These "Western" dietary patterns not only contribute to weight gain but also increase the risk of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social-ecological model, health belief model and socioeconomic gradient theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the association between dietary patterns and obesity rates in Africa. Develop culturally tailored interventions targeting specific dietary behaviors and socio-cultural contexts prevalent in different European regions, thereby promoting healthier dietary patterns and reducing obesity rates. Advocate for evidence-based policies promoting healthier food environments, such as taxation on sugary beverages, restrictions on marketing unhealthy foods to children, and subsidies for fruits and vegetables.