Pathogenesis of Dengue virus in Host immune system and its genomic variation

Authors

  • Shehreen Sohail
  • Mukarram Farooq
  • Fareeha Sohail
  • Hamza Rana
  • Husnain Karim
  • Tousif Haider
  • Ahmed Shakir
  • Mahrukh Zafar
  • Samrah Saadat

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47672/ejb.840

Keywords:

Dengue virus, Vector, Host immune system, antibody dependent enchantment, genomic variation.

Abstract

Dengue viruses are the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral diseases in humans, infecting 50-100 million people each year. Its serotypes are the most common causes of arboviral illness, putting half of the world's population at risk of infection. Because there is no vaccine or antiviral medicines, the only way to manage the disease is to reduce the Aedes mosquito vectors. DENV infection can be asymptomatic or cause a self-limiting, acute febrile illness with varying degrees of severity. High fever, headache, stomach discomfort, rash, myalgia, and arthralgia are the typical symptoms of dengue fever (DF). Thrombocytopenia, vascular leakage, and hypotension are symptoms of severe dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Systemic shock characterizes DSS, which can be deadly. Dengue virus infection pathogenesis is linked to a complex interaction between virus, host genes, and host immune response. Major drivers of disease vulnerability include host factors such as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), memory cross-reactive T cells, anti-DENV NS1 antibodies, autoimmunity, and genetic variables. The NS1 protein and anti-DENV NS1 antibodies were thought to be involved in the development of severe dengue. The progressive infection may change the cytokine response of cross reactive CD4+ T cells. The need for dengue vaccines that can generate strong protective immunity against all four serotypes is required. To create such vaccines, a thorough understanding of DENV adaptive immunity is required. Structural and functional research have shown that the degree of prM protein cleavage as well as the ensemble of conformational states sampled by virions influence DENV sensitivity to antibody-mediated neutralization, which has crucial implications for vaccine formulation.

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Author Biographies

Shehreen Sohail

University of Central Punjab, MS Microbiology

Mukarram Farooq

Allama Iqbal Medical College, MBBS

Fareeha Sohail

Government College University, BS Microbiology

Hamza Rana

Allama Iqbal Medical College, MBBS

Husnain Karim

University of Central Punjab, MS Microbiology

Tousif Haider

University of Central Punjab, MS Microbiology

Ahmed Shakir

University of Lahore, MS Forensic

Mahrukh Zafar

University of Central Punjab, BS Biotechnology

Samrah Saadat

Allama Iqbal Medical College, MBBS

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Published

2021-11-12

How to Cite

Sohail, S., Farooq, M., Sohail, F., Rana, H., Karim, H., Haider, T., … Saadat, S. (2021). Pathogenesis of Dengue virus in Host immune system and its genomic variation. European Journal of Biology, 6(1), 16–30. https://doi.org/10.47672/ejb.840

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