Preliminary Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and Isolation of Sitosterol and Sitostinone from Dieffenbachia Seguine Stem Bark

Authors

  • Akoso Vershima National Institute for Nigerian Languages Aba
  • Ezindu-Odemelam National Institute for Nigerian Languages Aba
  • Igoli J. O Department of Chemistry Joseph Tarka University Makurdi
  • Toranyiin T. A Department of Chemistry Joseph Tarka University Makurdi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47672/ejb.1706

Keywords:

Dieffenbachia Seguine, Phytochemical, Chromatography, NMR Spectroscopy

Abstract

Purpose: Plant kingdom has long served as a prolific source of useful drugs, foods additives, flavouring agents, colourants, binders, and lubricants. Dieffenbachia seguine (Areceae is claimed to have many folklore uses. Primarily it is used as an ornamental and sometimes employed for medicinal and other miscellaneous uses). The stem and root extracts have been described as a narcotic, a gastric and kidney irritant and historically used as arrow poisons, pounded. It is used as a choleretic, female aphrodisiac, and contraceptive and to treat dropsy, gout, dysmenorrhea, impotence, and sterility. The present study aimed at carrying out phytochemical screening and purification of extracts of the plant.

Materials and Methods: Powdered sample of the plant was extracted successively with hexane, ethylacetate and methanol.

Findings: Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, anthraquinones, steroids and triterpenoids. Saponins was however, was not detected in any of the extracts. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts (2 g) were subjected to silica gel (70-230 mesh) column chromatography and similar fractions were pulled together through thin layer chromatography analysis to obtain fractions Ds-1, Ds-2 and Ds-3 which were subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Fractions Ds-1, Ds-2 and Ds-3 were identified as octadecanoic acid, sitosterol and β-sitostenone, respectively, based on analysis of NMR spectra and comparison with reported data. Dieffenbachia seguine extracts are rich sources of phytochemicals which can be purified for more compounds

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aigbohan, E.I. and Agbontaen, O.O. (2013). Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq). A potential invasive threat to rainforest ecosystem in Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Botany, 25 (2): 199 - 206.

Ajuru, M.G, Nmom, F.W. and Iyo, O.E. (2018). Toxicological evaluation of Dieffenbachia seguine (jacq) Schott. On Wister Albino Rats. Research Journal of Food and Nutrition 2 (11): 38 - 43.

Alexander-Lindo,R.L. Morrison, E.Y.S.A,Nain,M.G. and McGrowder, D.A. (2007). Effect of the fractions on the hexane bark extract and stigmast-4-en-3-one isolated from Anacardium occidentaleon Blood Glucose Tolerance Test in an Animal. International Journal of Pharmacology 3: 41-47

Ara, K. Mohammad, S., Rahma, A.H, Rahma M.M., Choudhury, M. and Mohammad, A. (2009). Terpenoids and Coumarin from Bursera serrata Wall. Dhaka University Journal of Pharmacology Sciences (2):107-110.

Arora, M. and Kalia, A. (2013). Isolation and Characterization of Stigmasterol and β- Sitosterol-D-glycoside from Ethanolic Extract of the Stems of Salvadora persica Linn,International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 5 (1): 245-249

Ayensu, S.S. (1978). Medicinal Plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Institution Office of Biological Concentration, Washington D.C. USA.

Bassey, M. and Akpanumun, I.V. (2009). Identification and distribution of Invasive plants in Akwa Ibom State. Nigeria Journal of Botany 18 (2): 349-358.

Blessing, O., Green, B.O. and Oguzor, C. (2009). Application of Biosystematic and Nutritional Parameters in the Delimitation of Family Araceae. Botany Research International. 2 (3): 149-152

Bosch, C.H. Siemonsma, J.S. Lemmens, R.H. and Oyen, L.P.A (Eds) (2002). Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. Basic list of species and commodity groupings. PROTA programme Wageningen, the Netherlands. 341pp.

Carvalho, J.H., Olimpiodapaixao, K.L. Dolabela, M.F, Marinho, S. and BadMarinho, R. (2016). Phytosterols Isolated from Endophyte Fungus Collectotrichum gloeosporiodides (Melanconiaceace). Acta Amazonica, 46 (1) 69-72.

Cuartas-Hernandez and Nunez-Farfan (2006). The genetic structure of the tropical understory herbs Diffenbachia seguine before and after forest fragmentation. Evolutionary Ecology Research; 8 (6): 1061-1075.

Cumpston, K.L., Vogel, S.N. and Leikin, J.B. (2003). Acute airway compromise after brief exposure to a Dieffenbachia plant. Emergency Medicine 25:391-397.

Cushnie T.P. Cushnie, B. and Lamb, A.J. (2005), Alkaloids: An overview of their antibacterial antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities. International Journal antimicrobial Agents 44 (50): 377-386.

Dan, B.C. Steven, S., Erich and G., Andrew (2004). Chinese Herbal Medicine Material medica (3rd edition) Plenum Press. New York pp. 20-25.

De Pasavvale, R.C.S., Ragvsa, C. Circosta and Forestier, A.M. (1984). Investigations on Dieffenbachia and Amoena gentil I. Endocrine effects and contraceptive activity. Journal of Ethnopharma College, 12: 293 - 303.

Dutta, A.C. (2002). Botany for Degree students (5th Edition). Oxford University Press. London. Pp. 752-780.

Ganiyat, O. Onocha, P. and Abimbade, S. (2011). Phytochemical, Toxicity, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Screening of Extracts Obtained from Dieffenbachia picta (Araceae). Leaves and Stem Journal of Science11 (1): 31-43.

Hotta, K., Nguchi, Y. Matsunaga, M. Nishibe, K. Uchida, K. Shimizu, K, Kono, T. and Sumio, K. (2003). Leomon heterophyllus extracts and B-Sitostenoneas Antiarrhythmics, JP pat 2003113107 (Chemical Abstract, 138:297-357

Inghs, D. (2010). In Zombe from myth and reality Wade, Dvais, academic Scandal and the limits of the real. Scripted, 7 (2): 351 - 369.

Line-Edwige, M. Raymon, F.T., Eba, F. and Nsi-Emvo E. (2009). Antiproliferative Effect of Alcoholic Extracts of some Gabonese Medicinal plants on Human Colonic Cancer cells. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and alternative Medicines, 6 (2): 112-117

Littlewood, R, and Dooyon, C. (1997). Clinical Findings in three Cases of Zombification. Lancet; 350 (9084): 1094-1096.

Mouffok, S. Haba, H. Lavaud, C. long, C. and Benkhaled, M. (2012). Chemical Constituents of Ceatuareaomp halotricha Cross and Durieuex. Natural Product, 6(3):292-295.

Newman, D.J., Cragy, G.M. and Snader, K.M. (2000). The influence of natural products upon drug discovery. Natural Product, 17:215-234

Oloyede, G.K., Onocha, P.A and Abimbade, S.F. (2012). Chemical Composition, Toxicity, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activity of Leaf and Stem Essential Oils of Dieffenbachia picta (Araceaes). European Journal of Scientific Research 49 (4) 567-580.

Orge F.H., Orge, Y. Evimizdeki GizemLi Duzman; Turk, J. Oliveira, E.S., Torres, D.F., Brooks, S.E., and Alves, R.R.N. (2010). The medicinal animal markets in the metropolitan region of Natal City, north-eastern Brazil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 130 (1): 54-60.

Pal, R. S., Pal, Y. and Signh, V. (2016). Isolation and Characterization of n-Octadecanoic Acide from Whole Aerial parts of Centella asiatica Linn. European Journal of Scientific Research 6 (4) 361-380.

Pamies, R.J, Powell, R. Heroid, A. and Martinez, J. (1992). The Dieffenbachia Plant. Journal of Fla Medical Association 79 (11): 760-761.

Pateh, V.V., Haruna, A.K., Garba, M., Iliya, I., Sile, I.M. Abubakar, M.S. and Ambi, A.A. (2009). Isolation of stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid methyl ester from the rhizomes of stylochiton lancifolius Pyer and Kotchy (Araceae). Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 8(1): 19-25.

Pedaci, L., Krenzelok, E.P., Lacobsen, T.P. and Aronis, J. (1999). Dieffenbachia species, exposures, presentation. Tertiary and Human Toxicology 41 (5) 335-338.

Prachayasittikul, S., Suphapong, S., Worachartcheewan, A., Lawung, R., Ruchirawat, S. and Prachayasittikul, V. (2009). Bioactive Metabolites from Spilanthes. Acmella Murr Molecules, 14: 850-867.

Ryan, J.C. (2006). Integrative Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Anti-TB Ethno botanicals from Manus Ph.D Thesis submitted in the Department of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago.

Saeidea, S., Manayi, A., Gohari, R. and Abdollahi, M. (2014). The Story of Beta-Sitosterol a Review, European Journal Medicinal Plants 4 (5): 590-609.

Saludes, J.P., Garson, M.J., Franzblau, S.G., and Aguinaldo, A.M. (2002). Antibercular Constituents from the Fractions of Morinda citrifolia Linn (Rubiaceae). Phytother Research 16, 683-685.

Sehgal, A. (2003). Herbal medicines - harmless or harmful, Anesthesia, 57: 947 - 948.

Sen A., Dhavan, P., shukak, K., Singh, S. and Tejovathi, G. (2012). Analysis of IR, NMR and Antimicrobial Activity of B-sitosterolIsolated from Mormodica charantia, Science. Secular Journal of Biotechnology1 (1): 9-13.

Shimbe, R. Y., Tor-Anyiin, T.A., Khan, M.E. and Anyam, J.V. (2016). β-Sitosterol from Hymenocardia acida Root Extract and its Antimicrobial Activity. Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria; 41(1):76-81

Sofowora, A. (2008). Medicinal plants of Traditional Medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books, Ibadan, Nigeria. 3rd edition, PP. 181 - 199.

Spoerke, D.G. and Je, Smonlinske, S.C. (1990). Dieffenbachia species in: Toxicity of House Plants. Boca Raton CRC. Press 119-122.

Tor-Anyiin, T.A. Shimbe, R.Y, Khan, M.E. and Anyam, J.V. (2016). B-sitosterol from Hymenocardia Acida: root Extracts and its Antimicrobial Activity. Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria, 41 (1): 76-81

Zwenger, S. and Basu, C. (2008). Plant Terpenoids: Applications and Future Potentials, Biotechnology Molecular Biology Revision 3 (1): 1-7.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-20

How to Cite

Vershima, A. ., Odemelam , E., Igoli J. O, & Toranyiin. (2023). Preliminary Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and Isolation of Sitosterol and Sitostinone from Dieffenbachia Seguine Stem Bark. European Journal of Biology, 8(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.47672/ejb.1706