The Mediating Effect of Stress Management Competency on the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Employee Attrition: Evidence in a Local Government Unit

Authors

  • Basir E. Dalam Post Graduate Student, Master in Public Administration, University of Mindanao
  • Dr. Alger P. Dura Doctor in Public Administration, University of Mindanao

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47672/ajppa.1848

Keywords:

Job Satisfaction, Employee Attrition, Stress Management Competency, Mediating Effect

Abstract

Purpose: The workforce or manpower is one of the 4Ms of production and is considered the most critical factor of production. It is the employees who determine whether the organization succeeds or fails. The primary goal of this study was to determine the mediating effect of stress management competency on the relationship between job satisfaction and employee attrition.

Materials and Methods: A non-experimental quantitative research design was used, specifically the descriptive-correlational and mediation approaches. A face-to-face survey was used to obtain data. The data were obtained from 322 City Environment and Natural Resources employees, including regular and contractual employees, job orders, and allied service personnel selected through stratified random sampling. The statistical tools used to analyze and interpret the data were descriptive statistics, Pearson's R, regression procedures, and Sobel's Z-test. The mediation effect on the relationship between the independent and dependent variables was ascertained by path analysis (Structural Equation Modelling, or SEM) and the Medgraph Sobel's Z-test.

Findings: Results revealed a high descriptive level of job satisfaction and employee attrition and a very high descriptive level of stress management competency. It was found that job satisfaction and employee attrition, job satisfaction and stress management competency, and stress management competency and employee attrition are significantly related. The results revealed that stress management competency partially mediated the relationship between job satisfaction and employee attrition.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Upskilling programs improve employees' skills and knowledge, making them valuable assets to the organization. Employees may invest in both hard skills and soft skills. Organizations may also continue to recognize the accomplishments and achievements of their employees no matter how small or big they are because being recognized at work will boost employees' morale, which will also lead to efficiency and productivity. The concept of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) should continue to be practiced for long-term solutions to discrimination issues. Organizations, through their HRM, may continue formulating holistic programs and schemes that promote employees' physical and mental health, foster a positive working environment, a harmonious relationship, competitive salary, and benefits packages, and strengthen retention programs.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abun, D., Magallanes, T., Paynaen, H., Foronda, S. L., & Pre, M. (2021). The effect of workplace relationship toward job satisfaction of divine word colleges' employees in region I, Philippines. International Journal of Modern Research in Engineering & Management (IJMREM), Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3807897 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3807897.

Al Mamun, C., & Hasan, N. (2018). Factors affecting employee turnover and sound retention strategies in business organization: a conceptual view. Problem and Perspective in Management, DOI:10.21511/ppm.15(1).2018.06.

Ali, B. J., & Anwar, G. (2021). Work engagement: How does employee work engagement influence employee satisfaction? International Journal of Advance Engineering, Management and Science, ISSN 2454-1311.

Allen, D. G., Bryant, P. C., & Vardaman, J. M. (2018). Retaining talent: Replacing misconceptions with evidence-based strategies. The Academy of Management Perspectives, https://doi.org/10.5465/AMP.2018.51827775 24(2), 48-64.

Azeem, S., & Akhtar, N. (2018). The influence of work life balance and job satisfaction on organization commitment of healthcare employees. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2.

Bhui, K., Dinos, S., Galant-Miecznikowska, M., de Jongh, B., & Stansfeld, S. (2018). Perceptions of work stress causes and effective interventions in employees working in public, private and non-governmental organizations: A qualitative study. National Library of Medicine: National Center for Biotechnology Information, https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.115.050823.

Bourne, J. (2020). What Is Job Satisfaction and Why Is It Important? Positive Workplace, https://positivepsychology.com/job-satisfaction/.

Bowling, N. A., Eschleman, K. J., & Wang, Q. (2021). A meta-analytic examination of the relationship between job satisfaction and subjective well-being. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X478557.

Brough, P., & Biggs, A. (2020). Enhancing work-related attitudes and work engagement: A quasi-experimental study of the impact of an organizational intervention. International Journal of Stress Management, https://doi.org/10.1037/a00034508.

Butler, J., Fryer, C. S., Ward, E., Westaby, K., & Adams, A. (2018). The health equity leadership institute (HELI): Developing workforce capacity for health disparities research. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, DOI: 10.1017/cts.2017.6.

City Environment and Natural Resources Office. (2024). City Environment and Natural Resources Office. https://cenro.davaocity.gov.ph/: City Government of Davao.

ComPsych StressPulse Report. (2022). Three out of Five Employees Are Highly Stressed, According to ComPsych Survey. USA: Retrieved from www.compsych.com/resources: American Psychological Association.

Conklin, M. H., & Desselle, S. P. (2020). Development of a Multimensional Scale to Measure Work Satisfaction among Pharmacy Faculty Members. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, doi: 10.5688/aj710461.

Creswell, J. W. (2020). Investigating the moderator effect of fear of covid-19 in the relation between communication anxiety and self-efficacy. Educational process: International Journal.

Drucker, P. F. (2019). The essential Drucker: The best of sixty years of Peter Drucker's essential writings on management. United State of America: Harper Business.

Ertekin, B. A., & Avunduk, Y. (2021). The relationship between job satisfaction and job performance: A study on sports industry. Journal of Educational Issues, https://doi.org/10.5296/jei.v7i2.18949.

Evergreen Solution, L. (2006). An employee satisfaction survey for the city of Colombia, Missouri. Washington, DC 20002-4201: International City/County Management Association.

Executive Health and Safety. (2009). Stress management competency indicator tool. Occupational Medicine, Retrieved from: https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/rr633.htm.

Ganster, D. C., & Rosen, C. C. (2021). Work stress and employee health: A multidisciplinary review. Journal of Management, https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313475815.

Gordon, S., Adler, H., Day, J., & Sydnor, S. (2019). Perceived supervisor support: a study of select-service hotel employees. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.12.002.

Green, P. (2020). The perceived influence on organizational productivity: a perspective of a public entity. Problems and Perspectives in Management, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 339-347.

Haar, J. M., Russo, M., Sunyer, A., & Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2019). Outcomes of work-life balance on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and mental health: A study across seven cultures. Journal of Vocational Behavior, DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2019.08.010.

Hoang, T. T., Nguyen, T. V., Nguyen, T. L., & Le Thi, B. H. (2019). The factors affect job satisfaction of workers at vietnam state bank. Journal of Economics and Business, DOI: 10.31014/aior.1992.02.03.143.

Hom, P. W., Mitchell, T. R., Lee, T. W., & Griffeth, R. W. (2021). Reviewing employee turnover: Focusing on proximal withdrawal states and an expanded criterion. Psychological Bulletin, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027983.

Hussain, S. (2018). Organizational environment, job satisfaction and career growth opportunities: A link to employee turnover intentions in public sector of Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Vol. 2, No. 9 ISSN 2073-7122.

Igwe, A., Onwumere, J. J., & Egbo, O. P. (2021). Effective human resource management as tool for organizational success. European Journal of Business and Management, ISSN 2222-1905 Vol. 6, No. 39.

Inayat, W., Khan, M. J., & Namaziandost, E. (2021). A study of job satisfaction and its effect on the performance of employees working in private sector organizations, Peshawar. Education Research International, Volume 2021; https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1751495.

Jamadar, C. (2020). Occupational stress and work motivation among telecom employees. International Journal of Environmental Science Development & Monitoring, ISSN 2231-1289 Volume 8.

Jayarani, P., & Jayakumar, A. (2012). A study on job satisfaction among the employees of chennai post trust. Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses, http://hdl.handle.net/10603/45026.

Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2019). The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, https://doi.org/10.1077/0033-2909.127.3.376.

Kazimoto, P. (2021). Employee engagement and organizational performance of retails enterprises. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2016.64047; Vol.6 No.4.

Keeble-Ramsay, D., & Armitage, A. (2020). Total quality management meets human resource management: Perceptions of the shift towards high performance working. Emerald Publishing, Vol. 22 Iss.1 5-25 DOI:10.1108/17542731011009595.

Kibukamusoke, M., & Kibukamusoke, C. (2021). Working conditions and employee motivation in micro enterprise in Mukono. Journal of Education and Culture Studies, ISSN 2573-0401, Vol. 5, No. 4.

Lee, T., Mitchell, T., Sablynski, C. J., & Burton, J. P. (2018). Turnover: An integration of Lee and Mitchell's unfolding model and job embeddedness construct with Hulin's withdrawal construct. The Academy of Management Journal, 711-722.

Lu, H., Zhao, Y., & While, A. (2019). Job satisfaction among hospital nurses: A literature review. National Library of Medicine: National Center for Biotechnology Information, pp 21-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.01.011.

Malkov, E. (2020). Nature of work and distribution of COVID-19 risks: Evidence form occupational sorting, skills, and tasks. COVID Economics, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3643287.

McBurney, D., & White, T. L. (2020). Research Methods. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Nashar, M., Parashakti, R. D., & Haryadi, A. (2020). Authority leadership, compensation on employee performance. Proceedings of the First Annual Conference of Economics, Business, and Social Science, http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.26-3-2019.2290692.

Ong, C., Chong, H., Tan, O., Goh, C., & Lim, L. (2020). Factors influencing job satisfaction among academic staffs. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), ISSN: 2252-8822, DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v9i2.20509.

Pahlevani, M., Ebrahimi, M., Radmehr, S., Amini, F., & Bahraminasab, M. (2020). Effectiveness of stress management training on the psychological well-being of the nurses. Journal of Medicine and Life, 313-318.

Parsons, V. L. (2020). Stratified Samapling. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online, Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat05999.pub2.

Peters, M. L., & Ledermann, T. (2018). Stress management and well-being interventions: Empirical findings and implications for designing effective stress management courses. The Routledge International Handbook of Psychosocial Resilience, 402-412.

Philippine Statistics Authority. (2019). Labor Turnover Statistics, 3rd Quarter 2017 National Capital Region (NCR). Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority.

Purkait, S. (2019). Impact of occupational stress on quality work life among employees in banking sector:a study in west bengal region. International Journal of Advance Research, http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/1026.

Radhakrishnan, R., & Jins Joy, P. (2012). Employee attrition: Marketing of financial products. SCMS Journal of Indian Management, 65-72.

Raji, I. A., & Iadan, S. (2021). Organizational commitment, work engagement and job performance: Empirical study on Nigeria's public health system. Journal of Global Business Advancement, 23.

Roslan, A. B. (2018). Analysis of work stress among bank employees: A case study of bank Rakyat. Graduate School of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 28.

Rostami, M. K., Dehghani, A., & Akbar, R. E. (2022). The effect of job stress management training on observance of professional ethics by nurses. Archives of Enviromnental & Occupational Health, 77(4):276-281.

Shaikh, A. A., Akram, M., Rizwan, M., & Kousar, S. (2018). The impact of job stress: An imperative insight into the Banking sector. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, ISSN 2161-7104 Vol. 3. No. 3.

Shmailan, A. B. (2019). The relationship between job satisfaction, job performance and employee engagement: an explorative study. Business Management and Economics, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 1-8.

Silva, G. O., Oliveira, F. S., & Coelho, A. S. (2022). Effect of simulation on stress, anxiety, and self-confidence in nursing students: Systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression,Suzanne Hetzel Campbell,. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104282.

Singh, J. K., & Jain, M. (2019). A study of employees' job satisfaction and its impact on their performance. Journal of Indian Research, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 105-111, 2013.

The 2023 Gallup Global Workplace Report. (2023). The 2023 Gallup Global Workplace Report. Retrieved from: https://www.gallup.com/workplace/506798/globally-employees-engaged-stressed.aspx: Gallup Workplace.

Thompson, E. M. (2023). Relationship between opportunity for advancement, salary/pay, and retail salesperson turnover intentions. Walden University ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, Retrieved from: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/14553/.

Zhang, Y. (2021). A review of employee turnover influence factor and countermeasure. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, DOI: 10.4236/jhrss.2021.42010.

Downloads

Published

2024-03-08

How to Cite

Dalam, B. E. ., & Dura, D. A. P. . (2024). The Mediating Effect of Stress Management Competency on the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Employee Attrition: Evidence in a Local Government Unit. American Journal of Public Policy and Administration, 9(1), 40–62. https://doi.org/10.47672/ajppa.1848