The Economic Consequences of Livestock Disease Outbreaks on the Agricultural Sector in Tanzania

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the economic consequences of livestock disease outbreaks on the agricultural sector in Tanzania.

Materials and Methods: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive's time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.

Findings: The findings revealed consistent and severe impacts across diverse regions. These impacts include significant reductions in agricultural GDP, livestock production, and exports, resulting in substantial economic losses. Livestock diseases not only lead to income reductions for farmers but also pose threats to food security and overall economic stability. The studies underscore the pressing need for comprehensive strategies to address these challenges, emphasizing the importance of enhanced biosecurity measures, effective vaccination programs, strengthened disease surveillance, improved disease reporting, financial support for affected farmers, diversification of protein sources, public-private partnerships, enhanced access to veterinary services, capacity building, and international cooperation to ensure the sustainability of the agricultural sector in the face of livestock disease outbreaks.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy:  The Theory of Economic Impact Analysis, Theory of Production Function and Theory of Risk and Uncertainty may be used to anchor future studies on the economic consequences of livestock disease outbreaks on the agricultural sector in Tanzania. In terms of theory, these studies contribute by enriching economic impact analysis frameworks, emphasizing the importance of integrated models that consider direct, indirect, and induced effects on various stakeholders within the agricultural value chain. In practice, the findings underscore the urgency of proactive measures like enhanced biosecurity, vaccination programs, and improved disease surveillance to mitigate economic impacts while safeguarding livelihoods at the farm level. In the policy realm, these insights provide vital guidance for policymakers, advocating for evidence-based strategies that include financial support, capacity building, and public-private partnerships. Moreover, international collaboration and adherence to global standards are highlighted to facilitate safe trade while ensuring global disease control, emphasizing the interconnected nature of theory, practice, and policy in securing agricultural sustainability and food security.