ASSESSMENT OF SEASONAL VARIATION IN SURFACE WATER QUALITY IN AND AROUND MPAPE DUMPSITE, FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, FCT, ABUJA, NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47672/ajcs.650Keywords:
Anthropogenic, pollution, leachates, parameters, and Waste.Abstract
Continuous release of leachates from the dumpsite into surface water might lead to environmental disturbance which could be considered as a threat to aquatic and human lives. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal variation in the quality of surface water in Mpape dumpsite and its environs.
Methodology: This research adopted a comparative research design, where two seasons surface water quality were compared to if there was variation. A total of 15 water samples were analyzed for 27 parameters each during the dry and the rainy seasons in 2019. Five sampling points of surface water were identified and marked along the stream; two out of which are the upstream that were used as control. At each point three samples were collected for three months for both seasons (rainy and dry season), making a total of 30 samples for the study. Two mils of concentrated nitrate (HNO3) was added to each sample in order to preserve the metals and also to avoid contamination. The data was also compared with the Values of World Health Organization.
Findings: The results of the analyses revealed a general low temporal variation within the samples and a high spatial variation between the samples. There was also seasonal variations in the level of contamination with higher values (55.6%) during the rainy season, 33.3% during the dry season. Results shows that there is deterioration in water quality with the following above WHO standard BOD (21.4±7.7), Mg (32.1±8.8), Mn (20.05±3.6), Cd (0.02±0.01), Hg (0.04±0.02), Cl- (260.1±96), Br (0.3±0.5), Fe (0.61±0.9), and Pb (0.03±0.01). The results obtained revealed a general low variation. More so, increase of pollution load during rainy season indicated the increase in organic matter in the surface water during the season due to increase in anthropogenic interferences of the surrounding areas.
Recommendation: It is therefore recommended that there should be public health enlightenment and regular monitoring and treatment of the polluted water in order to obtain potable water.
Downloads
References
Vega, M., Pardo, R., Barrado, E., & Deban, L. (1998). Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water by exploratory data analysis. Wat. Res. 32 (12). 3581-3592.
Simeonov, V., Strati, J.A., Samara, C., Zachariadis, G., Voutsa, D., Anthemidis, A., Sofoniou, M., & Kouimtzi, T. (2003). Assessment of the surface water quality in Northern Greece. Water Research .37. 4119-4124.
Magaji, J.Y. (2020): Evaluation of Mpape Landfill Standard in FCT Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. Vol.10, No. 6, Pg 589-596.
Dung-gwom J.Y. & Magaji, J.Y. (2007): The Environmental Health Problems Associated with the Management of Solid Waste in Gwagwalada, Abuja FCT. Journal of Geography and Development. Vol. 1 No.1. Pg. 110-126
Magaji J.Y. (2012): Effects of Waste dump on the Quality of Plants cultivated around Mpape Dumpsite FCT Abuja, Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management Vol. 5 No. 4 (suppl. 2), 2012. Pg. 567-573
Achary, M.S., Panigrahi, S., Satpathy, K.K., Prabhu, R.K., & Panigrahy, R.C. (2016). Health risk assessment and seasonal distribution of dissolved trace metals in surface waters of Kalpakkam, southwest coast of Bay of Bengal. Regional Studies in Marine Science. 6. 96 – 108.
Nemati, K., Bakar, N.K.A., Abas, M.R., & Sobhanzadeh (2011): Speciation of heavy metals by modified BCR sequential extraction procedure in different depths of sediments from Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 192. P. 402 – 410.
Obaidy, A.H.M.J.A., Mashhady, A.A.M.A., Awad, E.S., & Kadhem, A.J. (2014): Heavy Metals Pollution in Surface Water of Mahrut River, Diyala, Iraq. International Journal of Advanced Research. 2 (10). P. 1039-1044.
Kar, D., Sur, P., Mandal, S.K., Saha, T., & Kole, R.K. (2007). Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface water. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech. 5 (1). P. 119-124.
Fatoki, O.S., Lujiza, N., & Ogunfowokan, A.O. (2002). Trace metal pollution in Umtata River. Water SA. 28 (2). 183-190.
Mansour, S.A., & Sidky, M.M. (2001): Ecotoxicological Studies. 3. Heavy metals contaminating water and fish from Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Food Chemistry. 78. Pg. 15-22.
Van Aart, W.J., & Erdmann, R. (2004). Heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) in mudfish and sediments from three hard-water dams of the Mooi River catchment, South Africa. 30 (2). Pg. 211-213.
Barnard, S., Venter, A., & van Ginkel, C.E. (2013). Overview of the influences of mining-related pollution on the water quality of the Mooi River system’s reservoirs, using basic statistical analyses and self organised mapping. Water SA. 39 (5). 655-662.
Winde, F., & van der Walt, I.J. (2003): The significance of groundwater–stream interactions and fluctuating stream chemistry on waterborne uranium contamination of streams—a case study from a gold mining site in South Africa. Journal of Hydrology. 287.Pg. 178-196.
Winde, F., (2006). Challenges for Sustainable Water use in Dolomitic Mining Regions of South Africa: A Case Study of Uranium Pollution Part II: Spatial Patterns, Mechanisms, and Dynamics. Physical Geography. 27 (5). 379-395.
Alhassan, M. M. (2000): “Soils” In Dawam P.D (Ed) Geography of Abuja. FCT, Famous/Asanlu Publishers, Minna.
Ademoriti, C. M.A. (1996): Standard Methods for Water and Effluents Analysis. Foludex Press Ltd. Ibadan.
APHA, (2000): System for analysis of waste water, Hach Company (WHO and APHA Hand Book of Dr. 2000 Spectrophotometer).
Obire A., Izonfuo, L. W.A. and Bariweni, A. P (2003): The Effect of Urban Runoff Water and Human Activities on some physico-chemical parameters of the Elechi Creek in port Harcourt, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 5(1) 47-55
Ioryue Ijah Silas, Wuana R.A, and Augustine A. U (2018): Seasonal Variation in Water Quality Parameters of River Mkomon Kwande Local Government Area, Nigeria. International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS) Vol. 5, Issue 1, pp: (42-62). Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Chatterjee C, Raziuddin M (2002). Determination of water quality index of a degraded river in Asansol industrial area, West Bengal. Journal of Environmental Pollution, (2):181-189.
Kumar, V., Arya, S., Dhaka, A., Minakshi and Chanchal, A. (2000). A study on physico-chemical characteristics of Yamuna River around Hamirpur (UP), Bundelkhand region central India. International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 1(5): 14-16.18.
Akpan, A.W. (2004): The water quality of some tropical fresh water bodies in Uyo(Nigeria) receiving municipal effluents, slaughterhouse washings and agricultural land drainage. The Environmentalist, 24:49-50
Mahananda, M.R., (2010): Physico-Chemical analysis of surface water and ground water of Bargarh District, Orissa, India, International Journal of Research and Review in Applied Sciences, 2 (3): 284- 295.
Charkhabi, A.H and Sakizadeh, M. (2006). Physico-chemical Analysis of Yamuna River. Journal of environmental science, 19(19)117-127
APHA (2005). Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater (21st edn). American Public Health Association, Washington D.C., USA p: 201-250
Izonfuo, L. W.A. and Bariweni, A. P (2001): The Effect of Urban Runoff Water and Human Activities on some physico-chemical parameters of the Epie Creek in the Niger Delta. Journal of Appied Sciences and Environmental Management, 5(1) 47-55
Pragathiswaran C, Paruthiral G, Prakash P, Jeya P, Suganandam K. (2008): Status of Ground Water Quality in Hosur During summer. Ecol Envir Conserv. 14(4):605-608.
Abida, B. and Harikrishna, (2008), Study on the Quality of Water in Some Streams of Cauvery River. Journal of Chemistry, 5(2): 377-384.
Ahipathi, M.V., and Puttaiah, E.T., (2006). Ecological Characteristics of Vrishabhavathi River in Bangalore (India). Environmental Geology, 49: 1217-1222.
Rajkumar, S., Velmurugan, P., Shanthi, K., Ayyasamy, P.M.( 2004). Water Quality of Kodaikanal lake, Tamilnadu in Relation to Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics, Capital Publishing Company, 8(20):339-346.
.32 Dan, S., Umoh, U., & Osabor, V. (2014). Seasonal variation of enrichment and contamination of heavy metals in the surface water of QuaIboe River Estuary and Adjoining Creeks, South-south Nigeria. Journal of oceanography and marine science. Vol. 5(6)45-54
Kakoi1, B. Kaluli, J. W., Ndiba, P. and Thiong’o, G. (2015): Seasonal Variation of Surface Water Quality in the Nairobi River system. Water, Energy, Environment and Climate. The 2015 JKUAT Scientific Conference proceedings. Pg 221-230.
Venkatesharaju K., Ravikumar. P., Somashekar. R. K., Prakash. K. L. (2010). Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Investigation on the River Cauvery of Kollegal Stretch in Karnataka. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology. 6 (1): 50-59
Olayemi, A. B. (1994). Bacteriological water assessment of urban river in Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Health Resources, 4:156-164.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Magaji J.Y. , Adakayi P. E.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
