Climate Change-Induced Ocean Temperature Rise and Its Impact on Coral Reef Degradation in Korea

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the climate change-induced ocean temperature rise and its impact on coral reef degradation in Korea.

Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.

Findings: Climate change-induced ocean temperature rise has significantly impacted coral reef ecosystems, leading to widespread coral degradation. As global temperatures increase, the ocean absorbs excess heat, causing more frequent and severe marine heatwaves. These temperature spikes trigger coral bleaching, a process where corals expel the symbiotic algae essential for their survival, leading to loss of color and vitality. Prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures weakens coral resilience, resulting in higher mortality rates and reduced reproductive capabilities. Additionally, ocean acidification, driven by increased carbon dioxide levels, further exacerbates the stress on coral reefs, making it difficult for them to recover and thrive. This degradation not only threatens biodiversity but also affects coastal communities reliant on reefs for food, tourism, and protection from storms.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Ecological resilience theory, anthropogenic climate change theory and thresholds of disturbance theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the climate change-induced ocean temperature rise and its impact on coral reef degradation in Korea. Implement and scale up coral restoration projects that utilize advanced techniques such as microfragmentation and assisted gene flow to enhance coral resilience. Advocate for the establishment and enforcement of marine protected areas (MPAs) that restrict harmful activities such as overfishing and coastal development.